Silk is a high-value, low-volume product, produced by an important insect commonly known as the silkworm. Sericulture serves as a source of livelihood for farmers besides being an important source of economy for many countries including India. Sustainable production of premium silk depends on continuous production of quality foliage as feed for silkworms obtained from host plants. The production of silk is significantly hampered when host plants are subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses. The foliage harvest could be enhanced when these constraints are efficiently managed by the development of stress-resistant host cultivars. Improved stress-resistant cultivars have been developed using conventional breeding strategies and used in commercial cultivation. However, the highly heterozygous genetic nature of the hosts makes it difficult to understand the inheritance and expression of these quantitative traits. Adoption of appropriate conventional breeding strategies along with genomics tools such as genome-wide association studies, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and advanced OMICS approaches could prove handy in the development of improved and stress-resistant cultivars. Deeper understanding of the mechanism of tolerance to various stress is required in breeding for improved cultivars. The number of stress-tolerant cultivars is scanty and therefore, holistic management of these stresses through an inter-disciplinary approach could be the most suitable strategy. Adoption of appropriate cultural practices and control measures is necessary for sustainable production under stress regimes. This comprehensive review holds great importance in improving silkworm host cultivation and to researchers in the field of sericulture.

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Conservative tillage practises have recently grown in popularity in India, particularly in the upper Indo-Gangetic plain under the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS). The management of combine harvested rice is the most challenging task for Indian farmers in the RWCS. Among all the on-farm management of rice residue viz., surface retention, incorporation (in-situ) and composting (ex-situ) and the recent practice i.e., use of bio-decomposer, are the promising options to address the issue of burning as well as maintaining soil health for long-term sustainability of RWCS. For which there were several issues that needed to be addressed with the incorporation of crop residues. Management on emergence performance is one such issue that must be addressed for increased grain yield. Furthermore, the incorporation of organic crop residues into the soil would result in a higher C:N ratio, which could contribute in nutrient immobilisation during seedling growth. As a result, to address the aforementioned issues a field experiment was carried out for two years on performance assessment of bio-decomposer and nitrogen management on emergence and NDVI values under super seeder sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following combine harvested rice at G. B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment conducted was laid in split plot design consists of 12 treatments with two factors as main: with and without bio-decomposer and nitrogen levels (Nitrogen @180 kg/ha and nitrogen @150 kg/ha) and one factor as sub-plot: three nitrogen splits as 50% + 25% + 25%; 40%+30%+30%; and 30%+35%+35%. Significantly higher emergence and NDVI value was observed under Nitrogen @180 kg/ha and similarly higher emergence and NDVI value was recorded significantly when nitrogen was schedule as 50% + 25% + 25% during both the years of experimentation. Although the inclusion of a bio-decomposer had no significant effect on either parameter, a numerical increase was observed in addition to benefiting the sustainable environment.

The annual increase in global population of 1.1% necessitates increased agricultural yields to provide a sustainable food supply, which necessitates the extensive use of chemical fertiliser and pesticide. This practise, however, causes a number of environmental and health issues, which ultimately drives the creation of safer organic fertilisers and bio-pesticides. Organic fertiliser comprises various antioxidants and carbonaceous matter, which are inexpensive and safe elements utilised for plant growth. While inorganic fertiliser is typically made entirely, such as sulphate of ammonia, they may also be processed from quarries. One must need to develop other sustainable alternative to meet the demand of world's expanding population, thereby meeting the SDGs of poverty eradication, zero hunger, and climate action.One possible technique is to use fruit peels as biofertilizers and bio pesticides. Fruit peels are often discarded in the garbage and taken to a solid waste dumping facility. Because of the breakdown of peel material at the disposal location, this generates an odour problem. Ergothis is critical for establishing the peel as a significant bio resource in worldwide organic agriculture development, reducing solid waste accumulation in the environment with its attendant public health threat, and documenting a long-term management technique. Fruit peels are high in nutrients such as potassium, calcium, iron, zinc,calcium, citrate content, and other minerals.

Cereals have large nitrogen requirement, but the demand for fertilizer is variable. Divergence between the supply and requirement of nitrogen can potentially hamper the crop growth as well as the environment, resulting in poor nitrogen use efficiency leads to economic losses. A balance between supply and utilization is required to optimize crop growth, economic returns and to maintain environmental sustainability which can be solved through need based nitrogen management which is nothing but application of inputs is according to the needs of the farm. Spatial variability is present in the fields but often they receive a same dose of fertilizers because they are treated by farmers as a homogenous unit. Through need based strategies, farmers will supply nitrogen fertilizers according to the demand of the crop which reduce the losses of N fertilizer. A precision agriculture approach to address the disparate spatial N requirements across a field is the use of a variable rate application guided by crop canopy reflectance sensors. Sensors like SPAD chlorophyll meter, greenseeker, rapid SCAN etc are used for determining the nitrogen need of the field crops. Many researchers across the globe are working on standardization of these sensors for different growth stages of the crop. Precision input management in cereals is lacking at present in most of the growing areas. A good amount of information on crop nutrition is available, but information regarding need based N management is lacking. This article reviews the work done on need based nitrogen management strategies in cereals.