No abstract

Based on data on the colloid chemical properties and conductivity of disperse systems prepared by mixing latexes of the copolymer of 2-perfluoropentoxytetrafluoropropyl acrylate and N-methylolmethacrylamide (LFM-N) and the copolymer of butadiene, acrylonitrile, and methacrylic acid (BNK-40/4), a conclusion was drawn concerning the formation of particles of composite structure in these systems. The possibility of attaining a high level of hydro-and oleophobic properties in textiles modified with LFM-N:BNK-40/4 composite in the ratio of 80:20 was demonstrated.Polymeric, including textile, materials are usually used in conditions of constant contact with the environment. Many of the basic properties of the materials, such as sorption of gases and liquids and adhesion with respect to solid and liquid components in contact with the material of the systems, is determined by the character of the interaction on the solidgas (liquid) phase boundary. The possibility of deliberately altering this characteristic is important, particularly for textile materials used in manufacture of overalls, sporting goods, and household articles.The main principle in decreasing the wettability of solids (films, fibres, etc.) boils down to creating a closely packed, oriented layer of molecules of low-molecular-weight compounds or carbochain and organosilicon polymers containing long linear or branched alkyl radicals on their surface to hydrophobize the surfaces and fluoroalkyl radicals to make the surfaces hydrophobic and oleophobic [1].The latexes of fluorine-containing polymers, which ensure a relatively high level of hydro-and oleophobic properties, are widely used for decreasing the wettability of fibre materials. Due to the high cost of organofluorine compounds, they are most frequently used in composites with other polymers [2]. Correct selection of the nonfluorinated components, which ensure that the required level of the materials indexes will be attained, is essential for such systems.We examined the effect of the composition of the latex composite LFM-N, based on the copolymer of 2-perfluoropentoxytetrafluoropropyl acrylate and N-methylolmethacylamide (1) and BNK-40/4 based on the copolymer of butadiene, acrylonitrile, and methacrylic acid (2):(1)   CÎÎÑÍ 2 ÑF(ÑF 3 )ÎC 5 F 11 ÑÎNÍÑÍ 2 ÎÍ CH 3  ··· ( CH 2 −CH = CH  CH 2 ) à ··· ( CH 2 -CH ) b ··· ( CH 2 -C) 1−a−b ··· (2)   CN COOH

A series of polymers was made from new fluoroalkyl acrylates and the effect of the structure of their fluoroalkyl radical on the decrease in the wettability of fibre materials was investigated. It was found that polymers with long fluoroalkyl radicals of linear structure are characterized by the highest effectiveness. Chain branching and incorporation of an oxygen atom in the fluoroalkyl chain decrease the nonwettability effect of the modified fibres.Fluorine-containing polymers have unique properties due to their chemical nature and the structure of the polymer chain. They are characterized by high chemical stability, thermal stability, dielectric properties, inertness, etc. In highly fluorinated organic compounds, the intermolecular interaction forces are weak because of their low surface tension. The weak intermolecular forces on the airsolid interface in fluorine-containing polymers cause the formation of surfaces with extremely low surface energy. For this reason, when added to the surface layer of a fibre, fluoropolymers can sharply reduce the surface energy and decrease the wettability by liquids of different chemical nature, including those with low surface tension [1].The use of fluorine-containing polymers for decreasing the wettability of fibres is one of the most efficient methods of manufacturing textiles with antiadhesive (water-, oil-, and soil-repellent) properties [2].In world practice, latexes based on fluorine-containing polymers, primarily polyfluoroalkyl acrylates with a long perfluoroalkyl radical, have been developed and are widely used for this purpose. Poly-1,1-dihydroperfluoroheptyl acrylate latex LFM-3 has been proposed by domestic industry for decreasing the wettability of fibres [3]. With respect to the level of the antiadhesive properties given the textile, it is on a par with the foreign analogs, but it is expensive and the feedstock base is limited.Recent research on manufacture of textiles with oil, water-, and soil-repellent properties primarily focused on searching for and creating new compounds and composites which would increase processing efficiency and reduce the cost of and simplify the manufacturing technology of both the products themselves and the modified materials.In using polyfluoroalkyl acrylates for modifying the surface properties of textiles, the basic factor that determines the level of these properties is the length and structure of the fluoroalkyl radical. The antiadhesive properties of a fibre begin to appear when there are no less than four perfluorinated carbon atoms with a CF 3 group at the end of the chain and they increase significantly as it becomes longer [2]. There are no published data on the effect of the features of the structure of this chain and the presence of other atoms and groups in it.Several new types of fluorine-containing monomers of the acrylic series which differ in the length and structure of the fluoroalkyl radical and contain long linear or branched chains of perfluorinated carbon atoms on the end of the radical have 0015-0541/05/3702...

677.027.625.121 and L. S. GalbraikhThe optimum conditions for obtaining aggregately stable poly-2-perfluoropentoxytetrafluoropropyl acrylate at 100% conversion of the monomer without formation of coagulum are established. In obtaining the latexes, the anion-active SF content in the dispersion should be a minimum of 14%. It was shown that these dispersions approach nanosystems with respect to the particle size. Such latexes are most effective in modification of fibre materials to give them water-and oil-repellent properties.Latexes of fluorine-containing polymers, especially polyfluoroalkyl acrylates, are widely used for processing fibre materials to significantly reduce their surface energy and given them nonwettability by liquids of different nature water, aqueous solutions of substances, organic liquids of the oil type, etc.[1]. Use of fluoropolymer latexes is based on their capacity to form a thin protective surface film on contact with the fibre, and a total of 1% polymer is sufficient for application on the support. The homogeneity and structure of this layer and the effect of reducing the wettability attained is determined by the colloid-chemical properties of the latex such as the size, the value and sign of the charge of disperse particles, and the aggregate stability. In particular [2], a decrease in the particle size or substitution of an anion-active surfactant (SF) in the latex by a cationactive SF with all other conditions remaining the same will increase the effect of reducing the wettability of the fibre materials.However, sufficiently stable disperse systems of this type are only obtained in the presence of an anion-active stabilizer [3]. The aggregate stability of the dispersions results in formation of coagulum in manufacturing and shipping them, and this complicates the technological process of using them and causes losses of expensive product. For this reason, it was important to find the conditions for obtaining sufficiently stable polyfluoroalkyl acrylate latexes with colloid-chemical properties that ensure the maximum possible effectiveness in treating fibre materials.A series of poly-2-perfluoropentoxytetrafluoropropyl acrylate (LRM-N) latexes with a different content of an anionactive SF S-10 (partially sulfonated hydroxyethyl derivatives of nonylphenol with ten hydroxyethyl groups) was prepared by radical aqueous emulsion polymerization in the same conditions ( )

No abstract