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The sensor network's lifetime depends mainly on the sensor node's battery power. In many of the various power saving protocols the sensor nodes will be put into sleep state when there is no transmission. These protocols do not change the awake and sleep time of the node according to its traffic load. This periodic and regular sleep and awake method of these protocols cause high latency and high energy consumption. If a host is not involved in power management it will be allowed to sleep. Therefore, to efficiently manage a sensor node's energy, there should be a power saving mechanism which also guarantees successful transmission. The sensor nodes have to wake up based on the packets that are pending in the buffer. A homogenous wakeup schedule and power management scheme is proposed to reduce the energy consumed in idle state for wireless sensor networks. This scheme consists of two algorithms namely power management and wakeup schedule algorithm. In wake up schedule algorithm each sensor node selects its own wake up time intervals based on its pending packets. In power management algorithm, an efficient power management scheme is introduced that facilitates effective communication while saving considerable amount of energy.

The reliability of sensor networks is generally dependent on the battery power of the sensor nodes that it employs; hence it is crucial for the sensor nodes to efficiently use their battery resources. This research paper presents a method to increase the reliability of sensor nodes by constructing a connected dominating tree (CDT), which is a subnetwork of wireless sensor networks. It detects the minimum number of dominatees, dominators, forwarder sensor nodes, and aggregates, as well as transmitting data to the sink. A new medium access control (MAC) protocol, called Homogenous Quorum‐Based Medium Access Control (HQMAC), is also introduced, which is an adaptive, homogenous, asynchronous quorum‐based MAC protocol. In this protocol, certain sensor nodes belonging to a network will be allowed to tune their wake‐up and sleep intervals, based on their own traffic load. A new quorum system, named BiQuorum, is used by HQMAC to provide a low duty cycle, low network sensibility, and a high number of rendezvous points when compared with other quorum systems such as grid and dygrid. Both the theoretical results and the simulation results proved that the proposed HQMAC (when applied to a CDT) facilitates low transmission latency, high delivery ratio, and low energy consumption, thus extending the lifetime of the network it serves.

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