Platinum (Pt) drugs (e.g., oxaliplatin, cisplatin) are applied in the clinic worldwide for the treatment of various cancers. However, platinum-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) caused by the accumulation of Pt in the peripheral nervous system limits the clinical application, whose prevention and treatment are still a huge challenge. To date, Pt-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has been studied as one of the primary mechanisms of PIPN, whose downregulation would be feasible to relieve PIPN. This review will discuss ROS-related PIPN mechanisms including Pt accumulation in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), ROS generation, and cellular regulation. Based on them, some antioxidant therapeutic drugs will be summarized in detail to alleviate the Pt-induced ROS overproduction. More importantly, we focus on the cutting-edge nanotechnology in view of ROS-related PIPN mechanisms and will discuss the rational fabrication of tailor-made nanosystems for efficiently preventing and treating PIPN. Last, the future prospects and potential breakthroughs of these anti-ROS agents and nanosystems will be briefly discussed.

Introduction: Anlotinib is an oral receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor and targets multiple RTKs including VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, EGFR and c-kit. Anlotinib monotherapy was approved in China as a subsequent therapy for advanced NSCLC patients who progressed after at least 2 lines of prior systemic therapies. This study evaluated clinical outcomes and safety of anlotinib for patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (lung SCC) in real world practice. Methods: The medical data of patients with advanced lung SCC who were treated with anlotinib at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital between June 2018 and December 2019 was retrospectively collected. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the KaplaneMeier method. Results: One hundred and seven patients were included in the analysis, of whom 74 (69.2%) were male and 33 (30.8%) were female, with a median age of 65 years. The median PFS was 5.0 months. The median OS was 12.3 months. Subgroup analysis revealed that significant improved outcomes were noted only for patients aged 70 years and those with ECOG PS 0/1. Partial response (PR) were recorded in 12 patients (11.2%), stable disease (SD) in 76 patients (71%), and progressive disease (PD) in 19 patients (17.8%). The objective response rate (ORR) was 11.2% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 82.2%. Conclusion: In the real world setting, anlotinib monotherapy showed favorable efficacy and safety for advanced lung SCC as a third line or beyond treatment.