Cyclic arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid peptide (cRGD) peptides show a high affinity towards αVβ3 integrin, a receptor overexpressed in many cancers. We aimed to combine the versatility of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (usGNP) with the target selectivity of cRGD peptide for the directed delivery of a cytotoxic payload in a novel design. usGNPs were synthesized with a modified Brust-Schiffrin method and functionalized via amide coupling and ligand exchange and their uptake, intracellular trafficking, and toxicity were characterized. Our cRGD functionalized usGNPs demonstrated increased cellular uptake by αVβ3 integrin expressing cells, are internalized via clathrin-dependent endocytosis, accumulated in the lysosomes, and when loaded with mertansine led to increased cytotoxicity. Targeting via cRGD functionalization provides a mechanism to improve the efficacy, tolerability, and retention of therapeutic GNPs.

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columns allows r e s o l u t i o n and d e t e c t i o n of b o t h h a l o g e n a t e d and n o n -h a l o g e n a t e d compounds s i m u l t a n e o u s l y a t l e s s t h a n microgram per l i t e r ( p p b ) c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . By u s i n g d i e t h y l e t h e r a s a s o l v e n t i n p r e p a r i n g s t a n d a r d s o l u t i o n s o f v o l at i l e o r y a n i c compounds, s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n i s made more accurate d u e t o a r e d u c t i o n i n s o l v e n t m a s k i n g of e a r l y e l u t i n g p e a k s of i n t e r e s t . A d d i t i o n a l l y , e t h e r shows p r o m i s e f o r u s e i n a n * a u t h o r t o whom c o r r e s p o n d e n c e s h o u l d be a d d r e s s e d 1 4 1 7 Copyright 0 1980 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.

SummaryTwo glass capillary gas chromatographic systems were equipped with inert effluent splitters which allowed simultaneous data acquisition using nonspecific and element-specific detectors. Simultaneous detection was achieved using the nonspecificflameionizationdetector(F1D) and the Hall' electrolytic conductivity detector (HECD) operated in either the sulfur-or the nitrogen-specific mode. Typical application of the simultaneous detection system as applied to analysisof petroleum residues is briefly described. The Hall electrolytic conductivity detector can be made element specific for halogen-, sulfur-, or nitrogen-containing compounds. Simultaneous detection enhances the information yield from a single sample injection and proves to be a powerful complementary technique when used with computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.