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Af easible sonochemicala pproach is described for the preparationo fc opper/iron-modified graphene oxide nanocomposites through ultrasonication (20 kHz, 18 Wcm À2 ) of an aqueous solutionc ontaining coppera nd iron ion precursors. Uniquec opper-, copper/iron-and iron-modified graphene oxide nanocomposites have as ubmicron size that is smaller than that of pristine GO and ah ighers urfacea rea enriched with Cu 2 O, CuO, and Fe 2 O 3 of multiform phases (a-, b-, e-, or g), FeO(OH), and sulfur-o rc arbon-containingc om-pounds. These nanocomposites are sonochemically intercalated with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketorolac, which results in the formationo fn anoscale carriers. Ketorolac monotonically disintegratesf rom these nanoscale carriers in aqueous solution upon adjustment of the pH from 1t o8 .T he disintegration of ketorolacp roceeds at a slowerr ate from the copper/iron-modified grapheneo xide at increased pH, but at af aster rate from the iron-modified graphene oxide undera cidic conditions.

A new accessible sonochemical assembly method is developed for the preparation of photoluminescent oil-filled silica@CuS/CuO/CuO-graphene oxide (GO) microspheres that emit light of green, yellow, and red colors. This method is based on the ultrasonic emulsification of a biphasic mixture consisting of CuS/CuO/CuO-graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (aqueous phase) and tetraethyl orthosilicate with sunflower oil (organic phase). CuS/CuO/CuO-GO nanocomposites are composed of sonochemically formed three phases of copper: covellite CuS (p-type semiconductor), cuprite CuO (Bloch p-type semiconductor), and CuO (charge-transfer insulator). The photoluminescence properties of microspheres result from H-bridging between PVA and CuS/CuO/CuO-GO nanostructures, light absorption ability of CuO, and charge-transfer insulation by CuO. Substitution of PVA by S-containing methylene blue quenches fluorescence by enhanced dye adsorption on CuS/CuO/CuO-GO because of CuS and induced charge transfer. Non-S-containing malachite green is in a nonionized form and tends to be in the oil phase, prohibiting the charge transfer on CuS/CuO/CuO-GO.

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A feasible sonochemical method is developed for the complexation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketorolac with the Fe3O4–graphene oxide nanocomposite.