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The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the outdiffusion of volatile impurities (P, As, Sb) from originally amorphous ionimplanted layers (IILs) of Si at rapid electron-beam heating in vacuum. The phenomenon of enhanced outdiffusion has been discovered and the activation energy of this process has been measured. It has been established that there exists an interconnection between the process of activation, deactivation, diffusion and segregation of the impurity in IIL and its outdiffusion. A qualitative model of the process determining this interconnection has been proposed. The reasons for the lowering of the potential barrier at the IIL-vacuum interface determining the abnormally high rates of vaporization of the impurity have been supposed.

We compared the contents of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and various forms of water in the surface layer and whole tissue of joint cartilages of different localization. It was found that the surface layer is characterized by reduced content of glycosaminoglycans compared to the whole tissue and higher water-holding capacity due high content of bound water.