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The current situation in agricultural production is challenging. During the last 2 decades, the agrarian production system has been deteriorating. It concerns crop rotations, moisture accumulation and moisture conservation technologies, ways of increasing soil fertility and growing environmentally friendly grain, reducing production costs and increasing product profitability. But there are forced late sowings and artificial “drought”. All this provides reasons to consider domestic breeding and seed production obsolete and to introduce the foreign analogue, which has planned negative impacts not only on quantitative, but also on qualitative safety. The article provides the solution to this major strategic problem. Under the research program of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a highly competitive technology for the production of grain and fodder was developed on the basis of only domestic equipment that 2-5 times predominates over the best foreign analogues in functional indicators. It was confirmed by a number of state tests in 1990-2016 and approved by numerous meetings of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, RAS. The units of domestic tractors and functional machines that can compete with the best foreign counterparts have been developed.

The paper presents results of research on the effective ways and means for tillage and seeding in the cultivation of crops in drought weather conditions. In order to improve the treatment quality, moisture-accumulating capacity and water saving of the soil in cropping technology with minimum tillage, including its final (finish) preparation for sowing with lower power consumption, we proposed new tillage methods. The first method involves post-harvest surface moisture-challenging loosening the stubble to a depth of 3-5 cm, the main non-recourse autumn moisture-absorbing loosening to a depth of 20-30 cm, deep moisture-accumulating Diesel hoeing to a depth of 40-65 cm, the spring surface moisture-closing loosening to a depth of 4-5 cm and moisture-mulching pre-sowing tillage to a depth of 4-5 cm with a seal seed bed and combing the weeds in the stage of “white thread”. The second method comprises the moisture-accumulating phase, which is performed in the autumn, when in the soil a vertical slit with a controllable pitch was made by spade working units and placing them in a staggered manner. Then we perform a second spring moisture-saving phase by solid surface loosening and mulching with rotary tools with working units to a depth of seeding. So that to implement the proposed methods the authors developed a set of tillage and seeding equipment (69 types of devices, 30 types of working units, 35 types of plug-in modules). Their production was mastered. The developed machines provide higher yields by 5 kg per hectare, reduce energy and labor costs up to 50%, have a competitive advantage over domestic and foreign counterparts.

Fundamentally new machines for agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan began to be created in 1980, when they concluded an Agreement on creative cooperation between Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture (Kazan), the All-Union Institute of Agricultural Engineering (VISKhom, Moscow), the All-Union Institute of Mechanization (VIM, Moscow) , Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Regions of the Non-Chernozem Zone (Nemchinovka), Head Specialized Design Bureau for cultivators and couplers “Krasny Aksay”, Rostov-on-Don), Head Specialized Design Bureau PO “Sibselmash” (Novosibirsk), Lithuanian MIS (Kaunas), Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture (ChIMESKh, Chelyabinsk), Volgograd Tractor Plant (Volgograd). Such an extensive composition was needed in order to use all the achievements of the country on the problem and the applicability of technology not only in Tatarstan, but to have an extensive sales market and global competitiveness. The scientific management of the complex work was taken over by the Deputy Director for Agricultural Engineering of TatNIISH, Professor Mazitov N.K. Academicians V.M. Kryazhkov, L.P. Kormanovsky, V.V. Blednykh, I.S. Shatilov, T.S. Maltsev. The results of the research showed multiple advantages of the Tatarstan-Yaroslavl-Ural complex over foreign analogues in terms of productivity - up to 2 times (for the entire technology - up to 10.8 times), in terms of metal consumption - up to 3-4 times, in terms of resource saving - up to 4-5 times. times, in terms of price - up to 7 times, in terms of productivity and profitability - up to 2 times in the production of up to 85% of bakery organic wheat of the 3rd class and the exclusion of the death of bees in rapeseed crops. In 2015, the work was completed as the first in Russia multiple-import outpacing and approved by the visiting meeting of the section of mechanization, electrification and automation of the department of agriculture of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Kazan State Agrarian University. A special advantage of the work is the high effect in areas of insufficient moisture in the Volga region, the Southern Urals, the Trans-Urals, and Siberia.

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