Infertility is a global reproductive health burden affected by various genetic factors, including spermatogenic defects. The instability of the germ cells’ genome caused by the unregulated replication of transposable elements is one of the causes of spermatogenic impairment. Tudor domain-containing 1 (TDRD1) expressed only in germ cells plays a significant role in the piRNA (PIWI-interacting RNA) pathway to maintain genome integrity via suppressing transposon elements during spermatogenesis. Despite the protein’s role in male germline development, TDRD1 has not been studied intensively. In this study, we established the relationship between male infertility and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TDRD1 (rs541192490, rs77559927) among 310 Vietnamese men (160 infertile patients and 150 healthy controls). Genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TDRD1 gene (SNPs) were identified using the PCR-RFLP method. The results showed that TDRD1 SNPs were not associated with male infertility in all three test models (additive, dominant, and recessive) (p-value > 0.05). Haplotype analysis of the two SNPs also showed similar findings. This study would contribute to the knowledge of TDRD1’s association with male infertility in the Vietnamese population.

Male infertility is a reproductive disease caused by various factors, including environmental factors and genetic defects. Thousands of genes have been identified to cause and associate with male infertility, such as TEX15. Our study aimed to identify the association between the polymorphism TEX15 rs142485241 and male infertility. Total DNAs were extracted from the whole blood of 429 unrelated Vietnamese individuals, including 202 healthy controls and 227 patients with male infertility. The genotypes and alleles of the polymorphism were determined by the PCR-RFLP method. The data were analyzed by statistical methods to assess the association of TEX15 rs142485241 with male infertility. The results showed that the distribution of genotypes of the polymorphism followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p-value > 0.05). However, no association was established between the polymorphism TEX15 rs142485241 and male infertility in the three models (additive, dominant, and recessive) (p-value > 0.05). This study would contribute to the knowledge about the association of TEX15 with male infertility in the Vietnamese population.

Infertility is a global concern that affects 15% of couples, and roughly half of those cases are male-specific. Among the genetic factors that contributed heavily to male infertility, TEX15 (testis-expressed gene 15) has been studied across multiple cohorts worldwide and identified to relate to meiotic recombination failure and DNA repair system malfunction. To assess the relationship between male infertility and TEX15 in a Vietnamese cohort, we performed a case-control association study of polymorphism TEX15 rs323345 and a further analysis of haplotypes of TEX15 rs323345 and TEX15 rs142485241. A total of 420 unrelated Vietnamese males, including 212 infertile patients and 208 healthy controls, were recruited for the present study. The genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphism TEX15 rs323345 were determined by PCR-RFLP method. The results showed that the distribution of genotypes of this polymorphism followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p-value > 0.05), but the association between the polymorphism TEX15 rs323345 and male infertility was not significantly different in all three models (additive, dominant, and recessive) (p-values > 0.05). However, haplotype analysis revealed that haplotype GT of the two variants (rs323345 and rs142485241) of the TEX15 gene was correlated with an increased risk of male infertility (p = 0.023, OR = 1.937, 95% CI = 1.085-3.456). This study demonstrated that haplotype analysis could unveil potential associations in genes that could normally be unnoticed in an individual SNP analysis.

Outbreaks of the Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) have caused significant losses in many rice-growing areas in Vietnam, especially in both North and Central Vietnam in recent years. To detect the virus, traditional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology and immunoassays are currently employed. RT-PCR is accurate but requires expensive chemicals and instruments, as well as complex procedures that limit its applicability for field tests. To develop a cheaper, simpler, and reliable SRBSDV diagnosis assay based on the dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) method, anti-SRBSDV polyclonal antibodies were produced by using the antigens derived from the P10 coat protein of SRBSDV, which was achieved from a previous study. The IgG antibody purified from the antiserum of recombinant P10-immunized mice by protein A-agarose affinity chromatography could specifically detect both the target protein and SRBSDV at a dilution of 1:100000. In the trial test of SRBSDV diagnosis, the dot-ELISA assay using the obtained anti-SRBSDV antibody showed an accuracy rate of 90.9% in comparison with the standard RT-PCR assay. These results are important premises for the large-scale application of dot-ELISA assay for SRBSDV diagnosis in order to protect rice crops against viral disease damage.

Male infertility is a complex disease caused by multiple factors, including genetic ones. Among genes involved in spermatogenesis, TDRD9 has been demonstrated to play an important role in piRNA synthesis, but no association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TDRD9 and male infertility has been conducted to date. Therefore, this study focused on establishing the relationship between SNP TDRD9 rs2273841 and male infertility. Total DNAs were isolated from 324 Vietnamese individuals comprising 164 non-obstructive azoospermic and oligozoospermic patients and 160 healthy controls having at least one child. Genotypes of this polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Chi-Square test was used to test whether allele distribution of TDRD9 rs2273841 follows Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Chi-Square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to check three models (additive, recessive, dominant) for the association of rs2273841 with male infertility. The results indicated that TDRD9 rs2273841 followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p-value > 0.05) in the control group. However, no association between the polymorphism and male infertility was established in all three models (additive, dominant, and recessive) (p-value > 0.05). This study would provide a basis for further studies on the association of TDRD9 with male infertility in the Vietnamese population.