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Magnetosomes are intracellular organelles of widespread aquatic microorganisms called Magnetotactic bacteria. At present they are under investigation especially in biomedical applications. This ability depends on the presence of intracellular magnetosomes which are composed of two parts: rst, nanometer-sized magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) crystals (magnetosome crystal), depending on the bacterial species; and second, the bilayer membrane surrounding the crystal (magnetosome membrane). The magnetosomes were prepared by biomineralization process of magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum Magnetotacticum sp. AMB-1. The isolated magnetosome chains (sample M) were centrifugated at speed of 100000 rpm for 4 hours (sample UM) and sonicated at power of 120 W for 3 hours (sample SM), respectively. The prepared suspensions were investigated with respect to morphological, structural and magnetic properties. The results from scanning electron microscopy showed that isolated chains of magnetosomes were partially broken to smaller ones after ultracentrifugation. On the other hand the application of the sonication process caused the formation of individual magnetosomes (unordered in chain). These results were conrmed by coercivity and magnetization saturation measurements.

The study provides a methodology for 3D model processing of historic mining landscape, and its features as mining digital cultural heritage with the possibility of using new visualization means in mining tourism. Historic mining landscapes around the towns of Gelnica (eastern Slovakia) had been chosen for the case study. The underground mining spaces around Gelnica, which are currently inaccessible to clients of mining tourism, were processed using 3D modeling. Historically, correctly processed 3D models of mining spaces enable customers of mining tourism to virtually travel not only in space, but what is most important, in time as well. The up-to-date computer-generated virtual mining heritage in the form of 3D models can be viewed via the Internet from different perspectives and angles. The models created this way are currently the latest trend in developing mining tourism.

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The paper analyses the origin and evolution of the Kysuce landscape from the Mesozoic era until the arrival of humans, identifying the relics of these historical evolutionary stages in the present-day landscape. It presents the most important relics from individual evolutionary time horizons as significant elements of geotourism offer. They are systematised and analysed chronologically, thus allowing geotourists to gain a broader picture of the surveyed region, and bringing them into the focus of geotourists as tangible proof that even a landscape that was formed millions of years ago can continue to stimulate our interest. The paper provides information on authenticity and the opportunity for a potential visitor to “touch” the landscapes’ millions-of-years-old relics in the area of the Kysuce region, Slovakia.