Compared with stainless steel and Co-Cr-based alloys, Ti and its alloys are widely used as biomedical implants due to many fascinating properties, such as superior mechanical properties, strong corrosion resistance, and excellent biocompatibility. After briefly introducing several most commonly used biomedical materials, this article reviews the recent development in Ti alloys and their biomedical applications, especially the low-modulus β-type Ti alloys and their design methods. This review also systemically investigates the recently attractive progress in preparation of biomedical Ti alloys, including additive manufacturing, porous powder metallurgy, and severe plastic deformation, applied in the manufacturing and the influenced microstructures and properties. Nevertheless, there are still some problems with the long-term performance of Ti alloys, and therefore several surface modification methods are reviewed to further improve their biological activity, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. Finally, the biocompatibility of Ti and its alloys is concluded. Summarizing the findings from literature, future prediction is also conducted. Darmstadt. His current research interest is focusing on the metal additive manufacturing (e.g. selective laser melting, electron beam melting), titanium alloys and composites, and processing-microstructure-properties in high-performance materials.
Titanium materials are ideal targets for selective laser melting (SLM), because they are expensive and difficult to machinery using traditional technologies. After briefly introducing the SLM process and processing factors involved, this paper reviews the recent progresses in SLM of titanium alloys and their composites for biomedical applications, especially developing new titanium powder for SLM. Although the current feedstock titanium powder for SLM is limited to CP-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti-6Al-7Nb, this review extends attractive progresses in the SLM of all types of titanium, composites, and porous structures including Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn and Ti-TiB/TiC composites with focus on the manufacture by SLM and resulting unique microstructure and properties (mechanical, wear/corrosion resistance properties).
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