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The use of freeform designs in engineering surfaces has become increasingly popular over the last decade. Applications of freeform shapes range from aesthetics of components to the bending of light rays through advanced optic designs. The fabrication of the components for these applications requires submicrometre form accuracy, in some cases with surface roughness at nanometric levels. Ultraprecision polishing is an emerging technology for the fabrication of high-precision and high-quality freeform surfaces. However, the factors affecting nanosurface generation in ultraprecision polishing have received relatively little attention. Moreover, the quality of the polished surface relies heavily on appropriate selection of process conditions and polishing strategies. This paper presents an analytical study of the factors affecting surface generation in ultraprecision polishing. A series of polishing experiments have been designed and undertaken, allowing the relationships between various factors and the surface quality of the workpiece to be determined. The results of the study provide a better understanding of nanosurface generation, as well as the strategy for optimizing surface quality, in the ultraprecision polishing of freeform surfaces.

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