Background: Myocardial shape and function can be altered by diabetes alone, without the presence of other risk factors like hypertension, ischemic heart disease and a condition known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Diabetes is associated with a wide range of metabolic disturbances, some of which have been linked to the emergence of DCM. Some examples are elevated blood sugar levels, abnormal lipid profiles, an increase in the release of free fatty acids (FFAs), and insulin resistance.Objective: Review of literature about correlation between heart failure and diabetes mellitus. Methods: Heart failure and diabetes mellitus were searched for on Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The authors also reviewed the relevant literature, nonetheless, only the most recent or exhaustive analysis was included, covering the time span from September 2010 to November 2022. There are no translation resources available, thus non-English documents are out. Unpublished articles, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations were not included because they were not considered to be part of major scientific projects. Conclusion:There is a lack of understanding of the molecular underpinnings and pathophysiology of heart failure in diabetic people. The incidence, prevalence, and outlook for heart failure in diabetic individuals have been proven by certain clinical and epidemiologic data. In recent decades, diabetic heart disease has emerged as a major contributor to the mortality rate among diabetics.

Background: Acute treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is restoration of myocardial perfusion by recanalization of the occluded vessel. Objective: The aim of the present study is to detect no reflow post primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in young STEMI patients and to correlate clinical, electrocardiogram, angiographic and procedural variables with no reflow. Patients and methods: This Cohort study was conducted in the Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University on 106 young patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with PPCI during the period from January 2021 to April 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to myocardial blush; Group (I) which included 80 patients with normal flow, and Group (II) which included 26 patients with No reflow. Results: We found that No significant difference between the 2 studied groups regarding Initial Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 0 or 1. The admission EF was significantly lower among the No Reflow Group and the no reflow group significantly associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), mortality, smoking, low EF and anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) were independent predictors for no reflow. Conclusions: No reflow in young patient with STEMI could be attributed to novel predictors such as Smoking, low EF and AWMI. This phenomenon was associated with MACE and higher mortality.