The prevalence of obesity in adults is increasing worldwide, which is problematic since obesity is associated with degenerative diseases. Nowadays Indonesia is facing an interesting phenomenon since there are adults who have been obese since childhood and others who conversely were undernourished while young. The biological differences of these two types of obesities are not well understood. This study aims to analyse the difference in the size and number of visceral adipocytes, HIF 1α, HIF 2α and MAP1LC3A/ LC3 in obese adult rat groups that were undernourished at a young age compared to groups who were normal or even already fat from childhood. We analyzed Hif 1α, Hif 2α, Lc3 mRNA by RT qPCR; HIF 1α, HIF 2α, MAP1LC3A/LC3 protein level by ELISA. The HIF 1α and HIF 2α protein level of visceral adipocytes derived from the group of rat which were undernourished while young increased significantly compared to the group which was overnourished. The visceral adipocytes of the group which was overnourished since childhood showed an increase in Hif 2α mRNA level. The Lc3 mRNA of the rat group which were undernourished since young increased significantly compared to rat group which was obese since childhood.

Lipids come in from many different sources in one's diet. In this experiment, we intend to find out the kind of lipids that causes the highest increase in rat body weight and the most influence in the lipid profiles. We compared three kinds of lipid: beef fats, egg yolk and palm oil which were added to the rats' standard diet. Twenty-eight 20-24 week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups given a high beef fat diet (BF), a high egg yolk (EY), a high vegetable fat (VF), and a standard chow diet (SD) as control for 30 days. The body weight of each rat was monitored weekly and the lipid profiles were measured enzymatically at the end of the experiment. The EY and VF body weights increased significantly compared to the SD (p<0.05). The total cholesterol level of BF, EY and VF increased significantly compared to the SD groups (p<0.001). The triglycerides level of BF, EY, and VF increased significantly compared to SD (p<0.001). The HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in BF, EY and VF compared to SD (p<0.05). The LDL-cholesterol in BF, EY and VF were significantly increased compared to SD (p<0.05). High egg yolk diet causes a bigger increase in rat body weight, LDL levels, cholesterol levels, and triglycerides than the high beef fat diet and high vegetable fat diet compared to control. It also causes lower HDL levels than the other diet groups compared to control.

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that can adapt to different environmental stimuli. This study aims to analyze differences in the function and biogenesis of mitochondria and anaerobic glycolysis activity between obese adult rats that were undernourished in childhood (LCD28) and those which were normal (SD28) or already fat (HFD28). Sprague-dawley rats were assigned groups and given diet treatments from December 2017 until August 2018 in the Laboratory Animal Management Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural Institute. To observe mitochondrial function and biogenesis, MnSOD activity and PGC1α levels were analyzed using ELISA. To investigate the existence of anaerobic glycolysis, LDH activity was analyzed using a spectrophotometry method. The results showed that MnSOD activity and PGC1α levels of LCD28 increased compared to the other groups, signifying higher mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Meanwhile, no significant difference in LDH activity was found, signifying similar levels of anaerobic glycolysis.