Problematika sosial belakangan terakhir ini semakin meningkat, hal itu terlihat dari interaksi sosial yang semakin hari semakin terkikis di tengah kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Tindakan amoral dan premanisme menjadi awal dari terbentuknya kondisi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penyebab munculnya label anak haram dan dampaknya pada anak. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa label anak haram dalam pandangan masyarakat awam di antaranya 1) label anak haram yang berkembang telah terwariskan secara turun temurun 2) penyebutan istilah anak haram di daerah Rowokangkung Lumajang dengan nama anak kowar yang berarti anak yang tidak diketahui ayahnya karena ketidaksiapan ayahnya untuk bertanggung jawab 3) pelabelan anak haram yang disematkan kepada seseorang disebabkan oleh perilaku negatif sebagai akibat lahir di luar nikah 4) anak yang lahir di luar nikah berakibat pada ketidakjelasan status kewarganegaraan 5) selain itu pelabelan muncul karena perilaku orang tua yang melakukan hubungan di luar pernikahan. Hal ini akan berdampak pada anak di antaranya anak akan kehilangan kepercayaan diri, merasa terasingkan dan tidak dianggap dalam masyarakat. Dalam perspektif Islam pada dasarnya tidak dibenarkan adanya istilah anak haram, karena setiap anak dilahirkan dalam keadaan suci, yang haram adalah perbuatan orang tuanya.
SMK Muhammadiyah Lumajang is an excellent vocational school that implements the Merdeka Curriculum for all subjects, including Islamic Religious Education learning. The implementation process of the Merdeka Curriculum runs swiftly, hence demanding educators to master and adapt to the Merdeka Curriculum. This study aims to examine the process of implementing the Merdeka Curriculum in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, starting from the planning, implementation, and assessment stages. This research uses a qualitative field study approach, with data collection techniques consisting of observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects are the curriculum department vice principal, PAI teachers, and students. The data analysis techniques employed in this study include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research findings indicate that the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in PAI learning has been realized, including 1) the planning stage that starts from the management of the school principal and curriculum vice principal in applying the Merdeka Curriculum 2) The implementation stage involves the teacher's preparation of the Annual Teaching Plan (ATP) and teaching modules in accordance with the learning outcomes set by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Furthermore, the assessment stage of PAI teachers involves the use of summative, formative, and Project-Based Learning (PBL) assessments.
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