Resumo O presente trabalho "Estudo geoambiental em bacias urbanas: uma análise comparativa entre entre a bacia do Tucunduba e Mata Fome na cidade de Belém" representou uma etapa inicial de estudos sobre geomorfologia urbana e fluvial e que adotou como unidade de análise a bacia hidrográfica. As bacias hidrográficas refletem um quadro ambiental complexo que abrange uma variedade de aspectos naturais e humanos que interagem no tempo e no espaço. A contribuição dos estudos de geomorfologia urbana vem crescendo nas últimas décadas e tem ajudado a compreender a dinâmica dos processos que estão sendo alterados pela atividade essencialmente humana, sobretudo em áreas urbanas e tem resultado na criação de novas formas de relevo, novos solos e modificado os processos fluviais urbanos. Nas áreas urbanas o aumento das edificações, pavimentação, canalização e retificação dos rios urbanos acabam por reduzir os processos de infiltração e aumentar os processos de escoamento superficial gerando um aumento da magnitude e frequência das enchentes e inundações que tornaram-se processos periódicos. O estudo teve a finalidade de mapeamento do uso do solo das bacias em estudo. Palavras-chave: Bacias urbanas, uso do solo, geomorfologia ambiental.
Studies on communities along railroads are relevant because of the impacts of operations on their socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The objective of this paper was to examine 32 communities affected by the Carajas railroad between 2010 and 2017. The socioeconomic and environmental dimensions involved an examination of 17 indicators and a qualitative analysis of Google Earth images, respectively. We applied appropriate statistical tests for data analysis. The results showed that urban communities have better socioeconomic conditions (higher incomes and less poverty) than rural ones; and that those in Maranhão are in a less sustainable situation (poor socioeconomic indicators and significant changes in land cover). The communities near the railroad showed higher variation in socio-environmental conditions. We conclude that socioeconomic and satellite images data analysis can help increase the resilience and sustainability of communities in risk situations. The latter include people with few financial resources, poor housing conditions, and living in areas with significant land cover changes because they provide fundamental data and information that can guide action through the formulation and execution of public policies or decision-making by other agents, such as private companies. Therefore, policymakers, managers, and other stakeholders should focus on community-scale deficiencies, especially in identified priority communities.
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