Purpose Higher education institutions (HEIs) around the world are engaged in internationalisation efforts. Yet internationalisation per se is associated with significant pressures on the environment and environmental resources, which need to be addressed. This study aims to assess the opportunities, benefits and challenges associated with the internationalisation of universities at a global level. Design/methodology/approach A total of 27 relevant case studies were extracted from the literature to illustrate how HEIs worldwide are ensuring sustainability in their internationalisation efforts. Findings Through case studies of international HEIs, the study lists the opportunities, benefits and challenges associated with the internationalisation of universities at a global level and some of the measures that may be deployed to reduce the environmental impacts of their international activities. Originality/value This study provides a welcome contribution to the literature because it outlines some of the works taking place at universities, where matters related to sustainable development are considered against a background of internationalisation efforts.
The technological revolution has contributed to environmental and social issues around the world. However, in the context of higher education institutions (HEIs) – key stakeholders for sustainable development - there is a theoretical gap regarding systematic reviews on the topic. In order to address this need, this study explores how digital transformation (DT) can contribute to sustainability in HEIs by identifying the general state of the art, the theoretical perspectives in the field, and future research insights. A multi-methods approach was adopted, which consisted of a quantitative bibliometric review and a qualitative content analysis. Consistent with this approach, the Scopus database was used for the bibliometric analysis of 672 publications, which was conducted with the support of VOSviewer software. Subsequently, a content analysis of 72 publications was carried out using the software ATLAS.ti and Zotero. The findings suggest three areas of current research: ensuring sustainability competencies through DT, smart and sustainable campus approaches, and theorisation of sustainability in higher education through DT. The theoretical perspectives of the field were divided and discussed into seven main clusters. Lastly, five research lines for further studies on DT towards sustainability were identified. This study has both theoretical and practical implications since it may be the first literature review on this subject, providing theoretical insights to the academic community, guiding sustainability and digital practices in HEIs - through the identification of tools, approaches, and strategies - and then supporting the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
RESUMOCom o objetivo de atender à demanda global de energia, o mercado internacional de biocombustíveis, com destaque para o etanol, vem cada vez aumentando a competitividade entre países a fim de desenvolver e melhorar seus produtos, além de oferecer confiança e transparência. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de analisar a competividade do etanol produzido no Brasil em comparação com a produção dos Estados Unidos, da França e da Holanda. Para tanto, foi utilizado o Indicador de Desempenho das Exportações (DES), o Índice de competição (IC) e o Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada, com dados relativos ao período de 1999 a 2016. Os resultados mostraram que as exportações brasileiras de etanol possuem capacidade para aumentar a sua participação no mercado mundial do produto, além de possuir vantagens comparativas em relação aos demais países. Já a França e a Holanda destacam-se no crescimento das suas exportações de etanol, que foram proporcionalmente maiores que as exportações totais de outros produtos. Ainda nesta perspectiva, cabe ressaltar que os Estados Unidos mantêm a hegemonia neste mercado por meio da competividade do produto e da quantidade exportada. Palavras-chaves: Comércio Internacional. Competividade. Etanol. ABSTRACTWith the objective of meeting the global energy demand, the international trade of biofuels, highlighting the ethanol, has been increasing the competitiveness among countries, in order to develop and improve its products, besides offering trust and transparency. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the competitiveness of ethanol produced in Brazil compared to the production of the United States, France and the Netherlands. For this, it was used the Export Performance Indicator (DES), the Competition Index (IC) and the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, during the period from 1999 to 2016. The results showed that Brazilian exportations of ethanol have capacity to increase its participation in the world trade of the product, as well as having comparative advantages in relation to the other countries. France and the Netherlands, on the other hand, stand out in the growth of their exportations of ethanol, which were proportionally larger than the total exportations of other products. From this perspective, it is worth emphasizing that the United States maintains the hegemony in this trade, by means of competitiveness of the product and the quantity exported. INTRODUÇÃOAté a década de 1970, o etanol, no Brasil, era somente um subproduto da produção canavieira, contudo a situação foi alterada a partir da primeira crise do petróleo, visto que, a partir disso, ocorreu o processo de alteração da estrutura energética com a criação do Programa Nacional do Álcool (Proálcool). De acordo com Bittencourt, Fontes, Campos (2012), o Proálcool tinha como intuito maximizar a produção de safras agroenergéticas e o aumento da capacidade industrial de transformação, visando à obtenção de álcool para substituir o petróleo e seus derivados, principalmente a gasolina. Na década de 1990, o...
Este trabalho buscou analisar o padrão de especialização do comércio internacional do estado do Amapá, identificando os setores produtivos mais dinâmicos no período entre 1999 e 2016. Neste sentido, foram calculados os indicadores de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada Simétrica (IVCRS), de Comércio Intraindústria (CII), de Concentração Setorial das Exportações (ICS) e Taxa de Cobertura das Importações (TC), com os dados obtidos da Secretaria de Comércio Exterior - SECEX. Os resultados são reflexos de um desenvolvimento econômico recente, que, até bem pouco tempo, esteve isolado economicamente. A madeira e os setores de minerais, não metais/metais preciosos foram os que obtiveram resultados do IVCRS relevantes, demonstrando que o estado possui uma pauta exportadora com vantagens comparativas tradicionais, baseada na exportação de produtos primários. Quanto aos resultados do CII, observa-se que o estado do Amapá ainda não se destacou no comércio intraindustrial. Além destes indicadores, o ICS revelou que a pauta exportadora do estado é concentrada, e ainda, a TC apontou que os setores de alimentos, fumo e bebidas, madeira, minerais e minerais não metais/metais preciosos foram os que tiveram suas importações cobertas pelas respectivas exportações.
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