Background: The corpus callosum (CC) is a connecting bridge between two cerebral hemispheres and helps in interhemispheric integration of information. Purpose: The primary objective of the study is to explain the topographical position of CC in relation to the brain in the South Indian population, contributing to the reference values of measurements of CC, which helps in planning surgical interventions. Also, the reference values help in cross-referencing with other populations and ethnic group. Methods and Material: In the study, 40 formalin fixed, full brain specimens were cut in midsagittal plane and CC was measured along with its relation to the brain. The major diameters considered were longitudinal dimension of corpus callosum (LC), distance of CC from frontal pole to genu (AS), distance of CC occipital pole to splenium (PS), and longitudinal dimension of brain (LB) from frontal pole to occipital pole. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was carried with the mean, standard deviation, 95% CI, and the range measured for each measurement. The Pearson coefficient was evaluated between dimensions of brain and CC. Multivariate linear regression analysis was done to correlate between LB as a dependent variable, and LC, vertical dimension of brain (CD), and PS as independent variables. Results: Pearson’s ratio showed a positive correlation between LB and PS (0.61), and also between LB and LC (0.59). The ratio of LC/LB was 0.45 and LC/CD was 0.69, which are stable in all brains studied. Conclusions: The study concludes that CC maintains a stable proportion with its parts (genu, rostrum, body, and splenium) and with the horizontal dimension of the brain. Further, measured values help in cross-referencing with other population.

Introduction: Brachial plexus are the main nerve supply to the muscles of upper limb and the muscles of the flexor compartment arm are supplied by Musculocutaneous Nerve (McN). Any variations in the nerve innervation of the flexor muscles of arm should be documented as they have clinical implications. Aim: To observe and document the variations in the innervation of muscles of the front of arm and discuss its clinical implications with the help of available literature. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Siddhartha Medical College for a period of three years that is from October 2017 to October 2020 on 50 upper limbs, from 25 cadavers. The upper limbs were dissected to observe the innervations of muscles of front of arm. Contents of front of arm were observed. Incidence and percentage of variation in the population was tabulated. Results: Variations in the nerve supply of muscles of front of arm were noticed in 6% of the cases. In two cadavers (4%), all the muscles of right arm except coracobrachialis were innervated by a trifurcated branch from Median Nerve (MN) and the latter was supplied by a separate branch from lateral cord. In another left upper limb two separate branches innervated from lateral cord and supplied all the muscles of arm. In the present study, observed variations were more common on right side than on the left side. Conclusion: Knowledge of such variations are important for the surgeons during surgical exploration of axilla, nerve block in supraclavicular, infraclavicular or axillary region and also during nerve grafting. Also, the study highlights the incidence of variations in a particular region.

Introduction: Anatomical variations of renal artery are important to prevent complications during renal transplant surgery or renal angiography. Of this additional renal artery is the most common. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in 80 kidneys of 40 adult human cadavers in Department of Anatomy, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada over a period of 4 years (2017 to 2021) during educational dissections. Results: Accessory renal arteries are observed in the present study. Origins of these accessory renal arteries are noted along with their entry point into the kidneys. These results were compared with previous studies. Conclusion: Prior knowledge of these variations is important to prevent complications during surgical and angiographic interventions. Keywords: Renal arteries, Accessory renal artery, Aberrant renal artery, Upper pole, Lower pole, Hilum.

Aim & Objective: Anatomy set forth the fundamentals of human body in the course of all health care professionals. Cadaveric dissection is the principal way to understand the Human anatomy by the medical students. Donated bodies fulfill the need of cadavers in learning and teaching anatomy. Apart from the use of cadavers students must be aware of particulars regarding body donation. The aim of present study is to assess the knowledge of medical students on body donation. Methods: The research work is questionnaire based study carried out among 263 undergraduate medical students in Siddhartha medical college, Vijayawada. Structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the students. The data was collected, compiled and analyzed. Results: All the study members knew the term body donation. Majority of the students are unaware of the time limit to donate the body and the age limit of body donation. 57.03% knew who can donate body. 89.7% knew that the death certificate is mandatory during body donation process. 60.45% had clear idea of reasons for body rejection when donated. 96.57 % had clear idea about the uses of donated body. 59.31% of the students were willing to donate their body and 93.53% were interested in propagating the message of body donation. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the medical students should be aware of act, process and committee of body donation before they involve in the propagation about body donation among public. Keywords: Awareness, anatomy act, body donation, donation forms.

Introduction: Carotid arterial system constitutes the principal blood supply of head, neck and brain. In various physiological mechanisms and pathological processes, carotid bifurcation is an important site both anatomically and surgically. Selection of surgical techniques between carotid stenting and carotid endarterectomy requires prior knowledge of level of carotid bifurcation. Aim: To observe the origin, level of bifurcation and geometric measurements of common carotid artery and its variations. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was done on 60 formalin embalmed human adult cadavers, of which 47 were male and 13 were female aged between 35-75 years, which were allotted for dissection for first year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students in the Department of Anatomy, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani and Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinoutapalli, India, during the academic years December 2013 to March 2018. Observations from both right and left common carotid arteries (total 120 sides) were noted. The data observed was tabulated. Statistics in terms of simple percentages were used. The mean arterial diameter±standard deviation of both right and left common carotid arteries were calculated using the Microsoft office excel sheet. Results: In the present study, total of 120 sides of 60 origin of right common carotid artery was found normal and the origin of left common carotid artery from brachiocephalic trunk was found in 5%. Normal level of bifurcation of common carotid artery was found in 82 (68.33%) sides, high level in 26 (21.66%) sides and low level in 12 (10%) sides. The mean arterial diameter±standard deviation of lumen at the origin of right common carotid artery was 0.887±0.132 cm and left common carotid artery was 0.906±0.128 cm and for both right and left common carotid arteries was 0.896±0.129 cm. Conclusion: Detailed study of surgical anatomy of common carotid artery is important for many surgical, radiological and clinical applications. Knowledge of its variations will help to make alterations in surgical interventions and radiological procedures.