Background/Objectives Oxidative stress and chronic in ammation are both major underlying factors for the initiation and progression of diabetes as well as for the development of long-term diabetes-related consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of concentrated beetroot juice (BJ) consumption on oxidative stress and in ammatory markers in patients with T2DM.Methods In this 12-weeks randomized clinical trial, forty-six patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to either the concentrated BJ or the control group. The BJ group received 12 ml concentrated beetroot juice twice daily, whereas the control group received no intervention. At baseline and the end of week 12, plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were measured.Results Compared with control group, concentrated BJ reduced IL-6 (−0.1 vs. 0.83, p = .001), TNF-α (−1.28 vs. 5.51, p = .001), and NF-κB (−0.03 vs. 0.36, p = .005) after 12 weeks intervention; plasma concentration of MDA and hs-CRP did not change between groups after intervention. Intra-group comparison with paired t-test disclosed that daily BJ consumption could not change oxidative stress and in ammatory markers except for TNF-α compared with baseline values. However, the concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB increased signi cantly in the control group at the end of week 12 compared to baseline (p = .001, p = .001, p = .021, respectively).Conclusions In conclusion, our study indicates that daily consumption of 24 ml concentrated BJ to patients with T2DM reduces the concentrations of some in ammatory markers including IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB which are involved in the pathogenesis of complications of T2DM.Trial Registration This study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the following identi cation: IRCT20150815023617N5.

Background While the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is growing worldwide, dietary intake plays a remarkable role in the management of disease complications. Evidence suggests that beetroot has health-promoting potentials, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. Therefore, the present clinical trial aimed to investigate the effects of concentrated beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation on anthropometric measures, glycemic control, blood pressure (BP), and lipid profile in T2D patients. Methods In the simply randomized, parallel-group, controlled, and open-label trial, forty-six patients with T2D were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (BJ group), who consumed 24 ml concentrated BJ daily for 12 weeks, or the control group without any intervention. Anthropometric measurements, physical activity, dietary intakes, glycemic measures, lipid profile, and blood pressure were assessed at the baseline and the end of the study. Results Plasma nitric oxide (NO) in the intervention group had a higher nonsignificant increase after 12 weeks compared with the control group (8.57 ± 23.93 vs. 2.31 ± 15.98, P = 0.128). Compared with the baseline, significant reductions in plasma insulin (14.55 ± 7.85 vs. 10.62 ± 6.96, P = 0.014) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B) (3.96 ± 0.83 vs. 3.63 ± 0.75, P = 0.038), as well as a marginally significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (70.81 ± 11.24 vs. 65.44 ± 6.46, P = 0.058) were observed in the control group after 12 weeks. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly reduced in the BJ group compared with the baseline (74.73 ± 16.78 vs. 72.36 ± 16.09, P = 0.046). After adjusting for baseline values, no significant effect on the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c), HOMA-β, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, triglycerides (TG), and blood pressure (BP) was observed. Conclusions Our study showed that daily consumption of 24 ml concentrated BJ did not affect the levels of glycemic measures, blood pressure, and lipid profile. More studies are necessary to confirm these findings. Trial Registration This present clinical trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with registration number IRCT20150815023617N5.

Background/Objectives Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are both major underlying factors for the initiation and progression of diabetes as well as for the development of long-term diabetes-related consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of concentrated beetroot juice (BJ) consumption on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM.Methods In this 12-weeks randomized clinical trial, forty-six patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to either the concentrated BJ or the control group. The BJ group received 12 ml concentrated beetroot juice twice daily, whereas the control group received no intervention. At baseline and the end of week 12, plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were measured.Results Compared with control group, concentrated BJ reduced IL-6 (−0.1 vs. 0.83, p = .001), TNF-α (−1.28 vs. 5.51, p = .001), and NF-κB (−0.03 vs. 0.36, p = .005) after 12 weeks intervention; plasma concentration of MDA and hs-CRP did not change between groups after intervention. Intra-group comparison with paired t-test disclosed that daily BJ consumption could not change oxidative stress and inflammatory markers except for TNF-α compared with baseline values. However, the concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB increased significantly in the control group at the end of week 12 compared to baseline (p = .001, p = .001, p = .021, respectively). Conclusions In conclusion, our study indicates that daily consumption of 24 ml concentrated BJ to patients with T2DM reduces the concentrations of some inflammatory markers including IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB which are involved in the pathogenesis of complications of T2DM.Trial Registration This study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the following identification: IRCT20150815023617N5.