Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is a very rare form of ectopic pregnancy in which implantation occurs at the site of the previous cesarean scar with low or absent beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. It has various differential diagnoses on gross and microscopic examination. A delay in the identification and management of this condition may lead to life-threatening complications. Here, we discuss the incidence and clinicopathological features of chronic CSEP, its types, and differential diagnoses.

Background: Ovarian tumors are heterogeneous group of neoplasms with wide range of histopathological patterns. It is one of the leading causes of mortality in females. Often difficult to detect until they are advanced in stage or increased in size as symptoms are vague and insidious. Treatment and prognosis is based upon accurate surgical staging and thorough pathological evaluation. Materials and Methods: A total 150 cases were studied from June 2014 to May 2017. Their age, clinical presentation and histopathological findings were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Out of 150 cases of ovarian tumors studied 119(79.3%) were benign, 9 (6.0%) borderline and 22 (14.6%) malignant. Age ranged from 9 to 80 years. The commonest presenting complaint in malignant and benign cases was pain in abdomen and in borderline cases abdominal distension. CA125, CEA and LDH were most commonly raised in 53.8%, 23% and 100% malignant cases respectively. Surface epithelial tumors were 68% followed by germ cell tumors 28% and sex cord stromal tumors 4%.

Cell block method for assessment of body fluids, effusions, material obtained from FNA’s is simple, inexpensive and overcomes the pitfalls of conventional cytology such as atypical metaplasia, crowding of cells, reparative changes and staining artifactThis retrospective study was done from October 2020 to February 2021 at tertiary care hospital. Various samples of body fluids (peritoneal, pleural, cererbrospinal fluid, bronchial wash, synovial fluids, pus, endometrial aspirate, sputum, urine received in cytology section studied. The cell blocks by formalin and plasma-thrombin methods are prepared and compared with each other and comparison of their diagnostic accuracy with diagnostic accuracy of conventional smear method On comparison of formalin and plasma-thrombin methods, the median score of plasma-thrombin method is 5 while that of formalin based method is 4. The diagnostic accuracy of plasma-thrombin method is 69.23% and that of formalin based method is 68.19%The cell block helps in providing additional cellular details and nuclear features when studied in conjunction with conventional smear. The plasma thrombin method provides better cellular details but in low cost setting it is not cost effective. Formalin method is both cost effective and handy.

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