Nutrient constraint based fertilizer schedule, following the leaf analysis in citrus orchards, is still not a common practice in India, due to absence of suitable leaf nutrient standards. An intensive survey of Nagpur mandarin orchards representing 17,799 ha (178 sq. Km) area in the hot sub-humid tropical climate of Central India, was carried out during 1992 -98 to define nutritional problems and delineate optimum leaf nutrients level in relation to fruit yield of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Five to seven month old leaf samples between 2nd to 4th leaf positions from non-fruiting shoots and soil samples at 0 -20 cm depth from 110 -125 cm depth trunk, were collected, besides recording yield data. The leaf analysis values were observed better correlated with fruit yield in quadratic form than soil analysis except calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The optimum leaf nutrients concentration was determined as 2.2 -2.4% nitrogen (N), 0.07-0.11% phosphorus (P), 1.2 -1.6% potassium (K), 1.3 -1.5% Ca, 0.48 -0.67% Mg, 110 -132 ppm iron (Fe), 29 -43 ppm manganese (Mn), 8 -14 ppm cop-585 ORDER REPRINTS per (Cu), and 18 -30 ppm zinc (Zn) through multivariate quadratic correlation and regression analysis to obtain 636 -703 fruits/tree. Based on above index values, N, K, Zn, Cu, and P were diagnosed as major nutrient constraints in mandarin orchards of Central India. These nutrients should be a part of fertilizer management.
The study was conducted to determine the effects of hot water, temperature, duration of submergence under different storage conditions. Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruits subjected to wet heat treatments, viz. 600C for 30 and 60 seconds, 550C for 60 and 90 seconds, 500C for 90 and 120 seconds, 450C for 120 and 150 seconds and control. The observations were recorded for 21 days under ambient condition and 60 days under refrigerated condition. Physico-chemical and sensory attributes revealed that with low physiological loss in weight (10.41%) with high TSS (11.30%), juice recovery (47.51%) with lower deformation (10.2 mm) and Vitamin ‘C’ content (36.33 mg/100 ml) with fruits treated at 500C ±1.5 min. The microbial load of bacteria (1.07 log CFU/ml) as well as yeast and mold count (0.69 log CFU/ml) was found lower with high temperature (50˚C) and short duration (90 sec). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image revealed the occurrence of melting and redistribution of natural epicuticular wax on the fruit surface, plugging with cracks and stomata which could have served as potential pathogen invasion sites.
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