The standard serological test such as Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) is routinely used for the diagnosis of brucellosis. This test depends on the agglutination of colored particulate antigen (killed Brucella organisms) by the antibodies present in sera of infected animals. Faulty negative and positive results are commonly experienced in these traditional agglutination tests. We developed three simple, new, additional and cost-effective steps that can help in these problems; Superagglutination test for serodiagnosis of brucellosis differs from conventional RBPT by three simple new and coast effective additional steps which are used to overcome this problem. These steps depend on the staining of sera antibodies by adding dye before the test and addition of diluted biotinylated antiglobulin and Avidin in sequence then mixing the antigen with the stained serum. By testing 150 serum samples, Superagglutination test had higher positive predictive value and specificity than RBPT and standard tube agglutination test (STAT). Also, it had higher negative predictive value and sensitivity than RBPT, STAT, ELISA (Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and CFT (Complement Fixation test).

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens type A and colibacillosis caused byAvian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), are two pathogenic diseases that threaten the poultry industry worldwide. A combined inactivated vaccine from Clostridium perfringens type A toxoid and serotypes O 1 and O 78 of E-coli adjvunated with montanide gel was prepared and evaluated in two weeks old SPF white Lohman layer chickens and its progeny. The prepared vaccine was found safe and produced antitoxic titre against NE of 10 IU after 22 week of vaccination as measured by serum neutralization test and 2692 ELISA titre. Also it produced a humeral antibody titre against E.coli serotypes used of 80 at the 22 th week post vaccination by microagglutination test (MAT) and an 80% protection in challenge against virulent E.coli serotypes used. Conclusion: vaccination of chicken with two doses, 3 weeks apart, of combined vaccine of Clostridium perfringens type A toxoid and serotypes O 1 and O 78 of E-coli adjvunated with montanide gel, could protect against necrotic enteritis and colibacillosis.

Brucellosis is one of the most common bacterial zoonotic diseases. There are two live attenuated vaccines used in control programs S19, B. rev1 vaccines for cattle, sheep and goats respectively. Some studies had observed one host infected with two different types of brucella. So, in our study, we tried to prepare bivalent vaccine from two vaccinal strains to protect animal from virulent infection. Total of 150 brucella-free mice divided into six groups, the first group was the control one, the second group was vaccinated with strain 19 vaccine, the Third group was vaccinated with the rev1 vaccine, the fourth was injected with the bivalent vaccine without any adjuvant, the fifth was injected with the bivalent vaccine with mantonide Gel 1 (10%), and the sixth was injected with the bivalent vaccine with mantonide oil 206(1:1). The control and vaccinated mice were challenged with virulent strains after 30 days of vaccination, the 2 nd group was challenged with B. abortus 544, the 3 rd group was challenged with B. melitensis 16M and the 1 st ,4 th , 5 th and 6th were challenged with both strains separately. The immunogenicity of the vaccinated mice was measured after 15 days of challenge with virulent strains. It was found that the protective index of the 4 th , 5th and 6 th was (2.29, 2.53, 2.66 respectively) in mice when challenged with B. abortus 544, and was (2.41, 2.53, 2.68 respectively) in mice when challenged with B. melitensis 16M. The prepared vaccines were potent in comparison with control group. brucella vaccines adjuvants immunogenic test protection index

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