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Hydroponic cropping technique was utilized for evaluation of salinity tolerance of certain genotypes of rice under prevailing arid conditions of Iraq. The conditions envelop low level of characteristic issue, calcium carbonate conglomeration of soil and soils containing clear measures of gypsum, delicate to coordinate profile progression and low natural development. The seedling test is simple, rapid (4 to 6 weeks) and accurate. Furthermore, this test allows the screening of several seedlings under various experimental parameters. Therefore, the three genotypes of IRRI rice (IR71999-3R-3-2-2B-1-1, IR71829-3R-82-1-1and IR63731-1-3-3-2) and two varieties of rice (Anber and Jasmine) under salinity stress (1.2, 4, 8 and 10 dS/M) were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber under simulated arid conditions in a completely randomized distribution. Salt stress caused reductions in rice plant production (yield) reached more than 30%. Dry matter weight was decreased by 24% in all varieties ofrice. Sodium (Na + ) concentration was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in NaCI-treated plants. The Na + /K + and Na + /Mg 2+ ratio in IRSSTN-SS2 (IR71999-3R-3-2-2B-1-1, IR71829-3R-82-1-1) genotypes and Anber plant indicate that it is more susceptible to salinity than the rice verities. Consequently, this cultivar is more vulnerable to saltiness than the assortment Cotaxtla, which demonstrated more noteworthy resistance to this anxiety.

An experiment was conducted in Al-zafraniya station / Baghdad – Iraq, during the winter season 2017 - 2018 in order to study the effect of khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application on two rapeseed varieties for increasing yield and yield components. The experiment designed by randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) for three replicates. The first factor included two rapeseed varieties (Brassica napus var. oleifera and Brassica napus L. var. pactol) and second factor included khazra iron nano chelated in three levels 0, 5 (kg.ha-1) (0.5 kg nano iron fertilizers per 1000-liter water) and 10 (kg.ha-1) (1 kg nano iron fertilizers per 1000-liter water). Means of the treatments was compared with a significant difference in the use of the least significant difference (LSD) at the probability level (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed that effect of khazra iron nano chelate foliar application, rapeseed varieties and interaction of them had significant effects on yield, biological yield and total dry biomass, which were 1298.6 (kg.ha-1), 7900 (kg.ha-1), and 7288 (kg.ha-1) respectively, at level 10 (kg.ha-1) for rapeseed (Brassica napus var. oleifera). While rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. pactol) only had biological yield and total dry biomass which were 4260 (kg.ha-1) and 4460 (kg.ha-1) respectively. This is due to the genetic nature of each plant species. According to the results, rapeseed (Brassica napus var. oleifera) with 10 kg. ha-1 khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application had the highest values at most of evaluated characters.

The field experiment was conducted in the season of 2017-2018 at the Agricultural Research Department-AL-Azafrinih/Baghdad-Iraq. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding the Foliar Fe fertilization (Nano-Fe) and ground fertilization of (N, P) in the growth and production yield of rapes (Brassica napus L.). The experiment included three levels of foliar fertilization (Nano-Fe) that is (0, 5, 10 Kg. ha-1) and one level of ground fertilization (N 100 Kg. ha-1, P 250 Kg. ha-1). The experiment designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications each parameter. The studied traits were nutrients content (macro-micro) in seeds and soil, the percentage of protein, oil, and carbohydrate. All data were analyzed and used statistically. Results showed a significant difference between Nano-Fe fertilization and nutrient content (N, Mn, K, Ca, Mg, S, and Cu), pH in soil at the level of 10 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization. Moreover, the significant difference between Nano-Fe fertilization, yield (1425.6 kg. ha-1), the percentage of oil (52.16%), protein content in seeds (46.5%), carbohydrate (26.8%), Nutrient content N and P in seeds at the level of 10 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization and the nutrient content (Ca, Mg, Fe) in seeds at levelof5 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization. Current results suggested that Nano-Fe fertilization at the level of 10 kg. ha-1 can be adopted as the best level for rapes (Brassica napus L.) cultivation under semi-arid conditions.