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Electromagnetic calculation plays an important role in both military and civic fields. Some methods and models proposed for calculation of electromagnetic wave propagation in a large range bring heavy burden in CPU computation and also require huge amount of memory. Using the GPU to accelerate computation and visualization can reduce the computational burden on the CPU. Based on forward ray-tracing method, a transmission particle model (TPM) for calculating electromagnetic field is presented to combine the particle method. The movement of a particle obeys the principle of the propagation of electromagnetic wave, and then the particle distribution density in space reflects the electromagnetic distribution status. The algorithm with particle transmission, movement, reflection, and diffraction is described in detail. Since the particles in TPM are completely independent, it is very suitable for the parallel computing based on GPU. Deduction verification of TPM with the electric dipole antenna as the transmission source is conducted to prove that the particle movement itself represents the variation of electromagnetic field intensity caused by diffusion. Finally, the simulation comparisons are made against the forward and backward ray-tracing methods. The simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

It is important for the wireless communication field to conduct research on large-scale complex electromagnetic environment (CEME) simulation. There exist many models for computing CEME simulation, including empirical models, half-empirical or half-deterministic models and deterministic models. Most of these models cannot obtain satisfactory results due to the limitation of the capacity of computers. The ray tracing (RT) and parabolic equation (PE) methods are very suitable for large-scale CEME simulation. Based on the introduction of RT and PE, qualitative comparisons of the two methods are analyzed in view of algorithm theory, the category of the model, solution to the model and the application field, and then four specific indices are focused on to analyze the computational complexity, accuracy, speed and parallelism in details. The numerical experiments are presented by the three-dimensional (3D) RT method employing the software of Wireless InSite (WI) and a quasi-3DPE method using the sliced method. Although both RT and PE methods can achieve high speedup using coarse-grained parallel computing, the experimental results indicate that the PE method can obtain a higher speed than the RT method, and the two methods can acquire an approximate precision. A hybrid procedure using both RT and PE methods can obtain a better result for solving CEME problems.

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