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The spread of brown plant hoppers (BPHs) can be affected by pesticides, migration/immigration, and natural enemies; in particular, using pesticides is the common method of farmers in fact. The article introduces a new approach to simulate the spread of BPH using cellular automata. The proposed model uses a geographic information system map as a simulation space to make results more visual and realistic. This model can give the accurate predictions about the spread of BPHs, thereby helping farmers make the appropriate decisions to prevent BPHs. KEYWORDS brown plant hoppers (BPHs), cellular automata (CA), natural enemies, NETGEN, pesticides, simulation, spread of BPHs 1 INTRODUCTION Brown plant hoppers (BPHs) 1,2 are a great threat to rice cultivation. They affect the yield of rice because it absorbs nutrients of rice and acts as an agency of yellow dwarf and leaf twist dwarf disease. If BPHs outbreak, rice growers may be at risk of losing their crops. The prevention and control of BPHs is always focused on agriculture. 3,4 Many solutions are introduced, but they are not fully effective. BPHs 1,2 are still a concern of farmers. Based on the number of BPHs at the light traps, the plant protection departments will alert farmers sowing seed (to avoid hoppers-the BPH prevention), but the efficiency of this prevention is not high. To prevent BPHs effectively, we propose a model simulating the spread of BPHs in space and time with the effect of the migration of BPHs, the natural enemies of BPHs, and pesticides. The model helps farmers control the amount of natural enemies and pesticides in the rice field, thereby supporting the effective solutions for preventing BPHs. This paper consists of five sections. The first section is the introduction. The second section describes the related researches briefly. The third section introduces the model simulating the spread of BPHs with the impact of migration/immigration, natural enemies, and pesticides. The fourth section presents the experiments, and the conclusion is the last one. 2 RELATED WORK A lot of information technology researches related to the prevention of BPHs have been conducted. However, those researches are fragmented in each aspect, and there are no synthesis and unity. 5 There are simulation models such as the migration of BPHs using the boundary layer

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The core value of the recommendation model is the using of the measures to measure the difference between the jumps (e.g. pearson), some other studies based on the magnitude of the angle in space (e.g. cosine), or some other studies study the level of confusion (e.g. entropy) between users and users, between items and items. Recommendation model provides an important feature of suggesting the suitable items to user in common operations. However, the classical recommendation models are only concerned with linear problems, currently there is no research about nonlinear problems on the basis of potential/energy approach to apply for the recommendation model. In this work, we mainly focus on applying the energy distance measure according to the potential difference with the recommendation model to create a separate path for the recommendation problem. The theoretical properties of the energy distance and the incompatibility matrix are presented in this article. Two experiment scenarios are conducted on Jester5k, and Movielens datasets. The experiment result shows the feasibility of the energy distance measures/ the potential in the recommendation systems.