Two novel acidic cation-exchange resins, namely, NKC-9 and D072, were first developed to catalyze the esterification of acetic acid with methanol. Kinetics of methyl acetate synthesis are determined by the experiments in a batch reactor at temperatures from 45 to 60 °C under atmospheric pressure, with molar ratio of reactants (θBo = n methanol:n acetic acid) from 0.8 to 1.3. The kinetic data are correlated with the Q-H, E-R, and LHHW and pseudohomogeneous (P-H) models. Then, the reactive distillation process for methyl acetate synthesis is simulated by the Aspen Plus process simulator. Lifetime evaluation of NKC-9 was carried out to study the conversion rate of acetic acid and selectivity of methyl acetate during the long-period running in the fixed-bed reactor. Finally, a series of characterizations such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and polarizing microscopy were performed to investigate the structure and properties of NKC-9.

100(Fe)(0.4) was the most effective among the studied catalysts and had excellent reusability. A 92.12% product yield and 93.01% selectivity for bisphenol F could be obtained over the PTA@MIL-100(Fe)(0.40) catalyst. The effects of the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, and phenol/formaldehyde molar ratio on the reaction performance were also investigated. A plausible mechanism for hydroxyalkylation of phenol with formaldehyde to bisphenol F was proposed.

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-Sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ) was chosen as catalyst for biodiesel preparation from rapeseed oil. The effects of mass ratio of catalyst to oil, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature and rotation speed on biodiesel yield were investigated. For a mass ratio of catalyst to oil of 3%, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 9:1, reaction temperature of 343K and rotation speed of 600rpm, the transesterification was nearly completed within 20 minutes. Na 3 PO 4 has a similar activity to homogeneous catalysts. Na 3 PO 4 could be used repeatedly for 8 runs without any activation treatment and no obvious activity loss was observed. The concentrations of catalyst in biodiesel ranged from 0.6 to 0.7 mg/g. Compared to Na 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 .10H 2 O was cheaper, but the final yield was 71.3%, much lower than that of Na 3 PO 4 at 99.7%.

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