The
reaction of common acyl-metal species (acyl anion) with aldehydes
to furnish acyloins has received much less attention and specifically
was restricted to using preformed stoichiometric acyl-metal reagents.
Moreover, the (catalytic) enantioselective variants remain unexplored,
and the asymmetric synthesis of chiral acyloins has met significant
challenges in organic synthesis. Here, we uncover the highly enantioselective
coupling of acid chlorides with α-bromobenzoates by nickel catalysis
for producing enantioenriched protected α-hydroxy ketones (acyloins,
>60 examples) with high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The
successful
execution of this enantioselective coupling protocol enables the formation
of a key ketyl radical from α-bromoalkyl benzoate in situ generated
from corresponding aldehyde and acyl bromide, which finally is captured
by chiral acyl-Ni species catalytically in situ formed from acyl chlorides,
thus avoiding the use of preformed acyl-metal reagents. The synthetic
utility of this chemistry is demonstrated in the downstream synthetic
elaboration toward a diverse set of synthetically valuable chiral
building blocks and biologically active compounds.
Sulfur-containing compounds are increasingly important for designing pharmaceutical candidates that have accumulated broad research efforts toward developing effective methods to forge C-S bonds from various sulfuration agents. However, most established...
The development of new catalytic enantioselective access to CF3-containing stereogenicity is of great interest for the expediting discovery of lead compounds yet remains challenging. We devised a general and modular approach to facilely access enantioenriched α-CF3 ketones via nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of readily available acid chlorides and racemic α-CF3 alkyl bromides in an enantioconvergent fashion under mild conditions. This protocol featured neighboring directing group-free, high chemoselectivity, excellent functional group tolerance, facile scale-up, and notable amenability to straightforward downstream elaboration toward molecule complexity, thus constituting a reliable, direct, practical, and efficient synthetic alternative to furnish enantiopure α-CF3 carbonyls. Interestingly, an appropriate choice of the phosphine ligand as co-ligand plays an important role in high efficiency and asymmetric induction. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical chain pathway.
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