Spiny lobsters (Family Palinuridae) are a popular seafood in Brazil. We characterize the fi shing activity and analyze the population of lobster species captured in the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil. We monitored the landings of lobster fi shermen at the start of the fi shing season, from May 24 to November 21, in 2010, at Pirangi beach, the main landing point in the metropolitan area of Natal. The lobster fi sherman in the region use small vessels and a compressor to dive in artifi cial reefs known as marambaias. The artisanal fi shermen are engaged in several illegal practices and revealed a greater capture of lobsters categorized as small-sized for the market (11-13.95cm tail length). The capture area led to different fi shing pressures for each species. For P. laevicauda, fi shing pressure occurred for all size classes, while for P. meripurpuratus, pressure occurred partially, only for a few population cohorts. On regional scale, fi shing involved a demand-supply trade balance centered on the size of capture vs. abundance, regardless of the natural interespecifi c differences on body size and the preferential distribution area. Our results provide key information for future decision making involving the fi shing of spiny lobster.