Introduction: Covid-19 infection can affect not only the airways but also other organs such as the brain. Individuals that tested positive for SARSCoV-2 may be asymptomatic, but can also have symptoms - such as “brain fog” - during the acute phase and/or the post-acute phase (being the last ones defined as long haulers). “Brain fog” is a set of symptoms characterized by cognitive dysfunction that includes the inability to concentrate, executive function deficits, anterograde and retrograde amnesia. Objective: Review the pathophysiology of individuals with Covid-19 post-acute phase brain fog. Design and setting: A literature review was conducted on the topic. Methods: 12 original selected articles in English and Portuguese from PubMed and Google Academic databases dated from 2017 to 2021. Results: Research evidenced that 18-36% of the patients hospitalized for Covid-19 that had neurological symptoms also experienced brain fog in the post-acute phase. Although not completely elucidated, there are hypothesized mechanisms to clarify the neurological symptoms in the “long haulers’’ patients, such as the release of pro-inflammatory substances that reduce synaptic fidelity due to dysregulation in the levels of neurotransmitters which are fundamental for brain function. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 provides microthrombus formation and possible small cerebral ischemia. Conclusion: The pathophysiology of brain fog is not yet fully proven, since the literature on the subject is limited. Therefore, more robust research in patients who developed neurological symptoms after infection by the new coronavirus is needed to clarify the pathophysiology, clinical management and most appropriate treatment for individuals with brain fog.

Introduction: The increased use of devices during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is noteworthy. The democratization of technological products caused a significant increase an its use by the population across the globe. This has caused a consistent increase in the appearance of some diseases among users of those devices. Thus, a concern arises about the student context and its high workload online during the pandemic. Objective: Analyze the association between the use of digital devices and the incidence of headache among students during the pandemic. Design and setting: A literature review was conducted on the topic. Methods: We included 15 original articles in English and Portuguese from MEDLINE, Pubmed, and Google Academic databases, selected from 2011 to 2021. Results: In cross-sectional studies, reports of headache were higher in individuals who use digital devices frequently compared to those who do not use them, and migraine attacks with aura and use of analgesics were more recurrent in the first group. Several causal mechanisms between headache and the use of digital devices have already been proposed, such as exposure to electromagnetic fields, neck posture, stress and sleep alterations without, however, having any evidence. Conclusion: We conclude that the excessive use of electronic devices can increase the incidence and duration of headache. However, the literature on the subject is still limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for research that controls exposure to digital devices in order to analyze the causal relationship between electronic devices and headache.

The knowledge of the spinal cord irrigation is important for the therapeutic planning of aortic pathologies; however, its vasculature is complex due to the caliber of its arteries that pass through a three-dimensional network with great anatomical variability. Its clinical importance is evidenced during the preoperative procedure of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgeries, because its identification is essential for the prevention of spinal cord injuries. This study consists of a literature review, in which searches were conducted in the databases - Bireme, Science Direct, Pubmed and Lilacs. Articles published between 1999 and 2020, written in English, Portuguese or Spanish, were selected. The search was conducted using the descriptors Anatomy, Spinal Cord Irrigation and Spinal Cord Ischemia. The Adamkiewicz artery is the main artery responsible for the arterial supply to the lower part of the spinal cord. Thus, paraplegia is a complication of this type of surgical approach resulting from ischemic suffering of the spinal cord during the process. Therefore, further study on these factors should be encouraged, because the preservation of this vessel is relevant given the search for protection of the spinal cord and the maintenance of its functions in this type of procedure.

The knowledge of the spinal cord irrigation is important for the therapeutic planning "COVID-19" is a potentially serious, highly transmissible infectious disease that was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 can evolve asymptomatically, with respiratory symptoms or with systemic manifestations affecting, for example, the nervous system. This review aims to discuss the neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, citing the prevalence of each. This study analyzed scientific articles published from 2010 to 2021 in the PubMed database. More than 35% of patients who contract the novel coronavirus develop neurological symptoms. SARS-CoV enters the brain mainly through the olfactory bulb and spreads rapidly via transneuronal route to other related areas such as cerebellum, insula, encephalon, vessels and nerves, and the brain parenchyma itself. This causes manifestations in the CNS (dizziness and ataxias), PNS (anosmia and ageusia), and the musculoskeletal system. Given existing knowledge of other coronaviruses and respiratory viruses, the wide range of CNS and PNS associations with COVID-19 is not surprising, and this is the focus of most current reports. Neurological complications, particularly encephalitis and stroke, can cause lifelong disability, requiring long-term care and substantial costs in the social and economic sphere.