The lifestyle of parasitic plants is associated with peculiar morphological, genetic, and physiological adaptations that existing online plant-specific resources fail to adequately represent. Here, we introduce the Web Application for the Research of Parasitic Plants (WARPP) as an online resource dedicated to advancing research and development of parasitic plant biology. WARPP is a framework to facilitate international efforts by providing a central hub of curated evolutionary, ecological, and genetic data. The first version of WARPP provides a community hub for researchers to test this web application, for which curated data revolving around the economically important Broomrape family (Orobanchaceae) is readily accessible. The initial set of WARPP online tools includes a genome browser that centralizes genomic information for sequenced parasitic plant genomes, an orthogroup summary detailing the presence and absence of orthologous genes in parasites compared with nonparasitic plants, and an ancestral trait explorer showing the evolution of life history preferences along phylogenies. WARPP represents a project under active development and relies on the scientific community to populate the web app’s database and further the development of new analysis tools. The first version of WARPP can be securely accessed at https://parasiticplants.ap  p. The source code is licensed under GNU GPLv2 and is available at https://github.com/wickeLab/WARPP.

Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) is a genus of parasitic plants that form physiological bridges (haustoria) with their hosts to facilitate the transfer of water and nutrients. The parasites also repurpose nucleic acids and proteins translocating through the haustoria, potentially including the host florigen protein (FT), which is postulated to trigger floral transition in the parasite. Here, we identified the endogenous FT-FD flowering module in Cuscuta campestris. We detected the expression of two parasite-encoded C. campestris (Cc)FT genes in the haustoria, whereas a newly found CcFD-like gene was expressed ubiquitously. C. campestris flowered while growing on mutant tobacco plants lacking the floral activators NtFT4 and NtFT5, indicating that host FT proteins are not required to initiate the parasite's floral transition. We also showed that CcFT1 (identical to CaFT from Cuscuta australis) and CcFT2 can rescue a non-flowering Ntft4-Ntft5-double knockout tobacco phenotype. Together, our results show that Cuscuta spp. produce a potent endogenous florigen as well as other proteins likely to be involved in floral transition. FT gene expression profiles in the haustoria suggest that Cuscuta spp. transition to flowering at least partly in response to host signals (e.g., sugars) that can activate the parasite's FT-FD module. Although C. campestris and C. australis appear not to depend on the host FT protein for floral transition, the nature of the mobile host signals that influence floral development in these parasites remain unclear.

DNA barcoding aids in rapidly identifying specimens in various contexts by comparing short stretches of DNA to a reference database. Barcoding initiatives generate large reference databases of carefully curated high‐quality sequences to maximize identification success. BarKeeper provides a flexible tool for barcoding initiatives and in the context of phylogenetic studies to foster shared work on large datasets of raw sequence and associated metadata. It is free, open‐source and available as a set of Docker containers for easy setup. After setting it up once, all project members can use it independently of their operating system or location. BarKeeper offers features to collect and manage data and metadata about specimens, taxa and DNA sequences from Sanger sequencing and high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies. It provides excellent flexibility by not being restricted to specific markers or taxon groups. Users can view and edit records and associated metadata while the app assists them by trimming and assembling reads. It automatically checks the quality of generated barcodes with a taxonomy‐based tool and offers a wide range of options for data analysis. Extensive search features allow querying the database for specific groups of records and saving the search results in the user's profile or downloading them in various file formats. BarKeeper combines multiple tools to aid barcoding projects in every step, from a reference taxa list to finished barcode sequences, thereby minimizing the number of laborious, potentially error‐prone manual steps and enabling efficient collaborative workflows.