Transorbital sonography is a reliable method for non-invasive assessment of optic nerve diameter (OND) and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in patients with increased intracranial pressure. A wide range of regular ONSD values has been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine normal values for OND and ONSD, to determine differences between OND and ONSD considering sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), and to evaluate inter - and intra - examiner variability. The study included 100 healthy subjects, aged 22 - 87 years, who underwent transbulbar sonography by the two examiners, each examiner measuring OND and ONSD twice on both eyes at a depth of 3 mm behind the optic nerve papilla. Measurement and analysis of OND and ONSD was possible in all subjects. Mean OND was 2.39 +/- 0.28 mm and mean ONSD was 4.48 +/- 0.76 mm. In males, mean OND was 2.47 +/- 0.28 mm and in females 2.35 +/- 0.27 mm (p = 0.042). There was no statistically significant difference between mean ONSD values between sexes (p > 0.001). Correlation between age and mean OND and ONSD wasn`t observed. Positive correlation between mean OND and BMI (p = 0.001) was observed. Positive correlation within and between investigator measurements (p < 0.01) was shown. Men have a wider OND compared to women, but no difference in ONSD was observed. Age doesn`t effect on the width of OND and ONSD. BMI correlates positively with OND, but not with ONSD. Positive correlation within and between investigator measurements was shown.

Neurogene orofaringealne disfagije su vrlo čest simptom i posljedica akutnih i kroničnih neuroloških bolesti, posebice cerebrovaskularnih, ekstrapiramidnih i demijelinizacijskih bolesti. Poremećaj gutanja uzrokuje niz sekundarnih komplikacija - malnutriciju, dehidraciju i aspiracijsku pneumoniju - ali i one suptilnije, često nedovoljno osviještene, psihološke i socijalne posljedice koje dugoročno utječu na kvalitetu života bolesnika. Prepoznavanje i liječenje bolesnika s poremećajem gutanja nerijetko je izazov, zato se cjelokupan postupak odvija u okviru multidisciplinarnog tima. Klinički logoped je sastavni dio multidisciplinarnog tima koji dijagnosticira i liječi poremećaje gutanja, svojim znanjem i kompetencijama utječe na povoljan rezultat liječenja. Logoped, kao član multidisciplinarnog tima, prilagođava konzistenciju hrane koju će uzimati bolesnik s neurogenom disfagijom i omogućuje sigurno hranjenje terapijskim postupcima. Logoped inicijalno provodi testove procjene gutanja, kojima prepoznaje bolesnike s rizičnim čimbenicima za aspiraciju. Ako je kod bolesnika uočen nesiguran obrazac gutanja, provodi se detaljna logopedska dijagnostika kojom se utvrđuje dalji način prehrane, kako bi se bolesniku omogućilo sigurno gutanje. Logoped odabire jednu ili više rehabilitacijskih tehnika koje će primijeniti, ovisno o bolesnikovu općem zdravstvenom stanju, suradljivosti i mogućnosti korištenja naučenim tehnikama nakon otpusta iz bolnice. Ovaj rad daje uvid u načine na koje se logoped brine o bolesnicima s poremećajem gutanja – od primitka do otpusta iz bolnice – i naglašava važnost logopeda u multidisciplinarnom timu, koji se bavi neurogenom disfagijom.

Although epilepsy symptoms are well established, there are only several described cases of post seizure speech fluency impairments. Epileptic activity may interfere with speech but speech impairments have the ability to recover because of neural plasticity that has been widely investigated in epilepsy population. In the available literature there is only one case report of transient neurogenic stuttering described. In this case report we describe a recovery of a 33-year-old male patient with recurrent transient neurogenic stuttering after focal idiopathic seizures due to functional neuroplasticity.