Federal and regional centre for aerospace and surface monitoring of the objects and natural resources, ABSTRACTThe multi-year geobotanical studies have shown that in the south-west of the Central Russian Upland the fl oristic composition of gully ecosystems includes 274 genera, which are combined into 65 families. The species from 3 families: Asteraceae Dumort., Fabaceae Lindl. and Poaceae Barnh. take the lead in the taxon hierarchy. The value of the generic coeffi cient, which is calculated by the number of species per genus, is quite signifi cant and is equal to 1.81. It has been established that Fabaceae Lindl. species have extensive presentation (it comes second place in the fi rst triad of families). Among Fabaceae species, a particular importance is given to wild related cultural species, which have high biological, and resource value by a mix of morphological and qualitative characteristics and which are potential selection sources for improvement of various economically useful features. The most striking example include species of the Medicago: Medicago sativa L. genus and the Medicago var Mart. hybrid genus. The M. sativa L. and M. varia Mart. coenopopulations in gully mouths are the most complete and they often have continuity of species distribution by age groups. It has been found that any forms, which act as carriers of multidimensionality recessive mutation, i.e. mf-mutation, have a 203 high degree of occurrence in local populations. With seed renewal, the proportion of species with mf-mutation is from 5 to 55% in families (the offspring of the fi rst plant). The M. sativa L. and M. varia Mart. forms, which have been identifi ed by us in the natural habitats of gully geocomplexes, have a number of valuable selection crop-related characteristics: high seed production, good leaf coverage and high protein content.

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The article presents the results of a long-term study of Poterium polygamum Waldst. & Kit. when introduced into culture in the collection nursery of plants of the Research Institute of Biotechnology in the Botanical Garden of the Gorsk State Agrarian University (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) with the participation of the staff of the Botanical Garden of the Belgorod State University. The morphological features of P. polygamum are described: the structure of vegetative and generative organs. An assessment of the dynamics of the formation of aboveground phytomass, indicators of photosynthetic activity, productivity of the aboveground mass and seed productivity during the cultivation of P. polygamum under the conditions of culture is given. It has been established that the species P. polygamum, which is promising for fodder production, has a high bioresource potential under the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania and in culture can ensure the maintenance of the stability of cenopopulations throughout all the years of cultivation. The leaf area on average over four years of research was 48.5 thousand m2 (ha−1), photosynthetic potential-1.3 million m2 (ha−1), net productivity of photosynthesis-4.7 g (m−2) per day, yield of aboveground phytomass-321 q (ha−1) (r = 0.39-0.91). On average, when cultivated in culture, individuals of P. polygamum formed generative shoots-843.9 pcs. (m−2) per day; heads on 1 shoot-3.7 pcs.; seeds in 1 head-10.1 pcs.; seeds from 1 shoot-1.0 g; have a mass of 1000 seeds-8.6 g; seed yield-862.6 kg (ha−1). Seed productivity of P. polygamum varied from 773.3 to 947.8 pcs. per 1 m2. At the same time, the coefficient of seed productivity varied from 19.5 to 40.9%. Such stable productivity allows individuals of P. polygamum in natural conditions to withstand competition with other plants, and in culture makes the species promising for cultivation as a forage species.