Reuse of wastewater has been widespread in this era to support the water sustainability process. Therefore, treated wastewater should be conveyed to suitable places and adopted for different uses. This study presents an empirical relationship between the Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations for four types of pipe material (ductile iron, GRP, concrete, and plastic) by using WaterCAD Version 8i. Two hydraulic models were developed to estimate the head loss in pipes by using different diameters: first, using pipe diameters from 800 mm to 1,200 mm for a flow rate of 1.16 m3/s, second, adopting pipe diameter from 1,600 mm to 2,000 mm for a flow rate of 4.63 m3/s. The study results are the head loss values obtained from the Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations, which were used to correlate them using IBM SPSS Statistics. The correlation coefficient between both equations turned out to be 0.991, 0.990, 0.990, and 0.990 for ductile iron, GRP, concrete, and plastic pipe materials. Additionally, the relationship between head loss and pipe diameter is negatively proportioned for both equations. Also, both head loss equation results are the same. The head loss values in the Darcy’s equation were higher for ductile iron and GRP materials, while being lower for concrete and plastic materials for both models. Selecting concrete or plastic pipes to convey treated wastewater is better than other pipe materials. Another conclusion is that the pipe diameter affects the head loss magnitude irrespective of the kind of equation whether Darcy-Weisbach or Hazen-William equation. Finally, this relationship is very useful for designers in converting the head loss values obtained using these equations.

The design, production and introduction of agricultural irrigation equipment of a new generation and the widespread use of automation functions of control systems in the agricultural sector are the basis for establishing irrigated agriculture. Raising the technical level of sprinkler machines requires expanding the functions of automation and control systems, improving irrigation technology, which ensures the rational use of water, electric energy and human labor. Existing technologies for irrigation with wide-angle circular sprinklers have the disadvantage. The irrigation with a constant rate in most cases does not correspond to the required moisture content in different parts of the irrigated field, which leads to excessive consumption of irrigated water, increased runoff and soil erosion. The developed module of the intelligent system let us change the irrigation rate in accordance with the level of moisture reserves of irrigation areas in real time, based on the readings of sensors of the weather station without human intervention. The proposed technology was implemented during the operation of the robotic irrigation system "CASCADE" installed in the Volga State Scientific Production Association. A comparison of the performance of an electrified irrigation machine and a robotic irrigative complex using the proposed irrigation technology showed significantly improved environmental and economic indicators of irrigation. In particular, the saving of irrigation water was about 7.0%. The introduction of digital technologies can significantly improve the quality of irrigation and crop yields while saving resources, as well as reduce the environmental burden on the soil significantly.

A feature of the work of wide-reach sprinkler machines is that the supporting surface when moving is moistened, and waterlogged soils in case of significant irrigation rates. At the same time, the wheeled running systems themselves are not well adapted to moving on waterlogged soils, water-saturated, low-bearing soils. The reliability of the sprinkler machines with an increase in irrigation rates is significantly reduced due to a decrease in their patency and forced downtime. The aim of the study was to increase the patency of sprinkler machines on moistened soil on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies of the system “irrigation rate – soil – sprinkler machine”. On the basis of the conducted studies, the regularities of track formation after the passage of wide-reach sprinkler machines of circular action were revealed. The model of interaction of the wheel with the soil is presented. The dependences of the depth and width of the track on the bearing capacity of the soil and the distance from the main support for sprinkler machines with rigid wheels of the “Fregat” type and pneumatic wheels of the “Kuban-LK1M” (KASCAD) sprinkler machine, “Kuban-LK1” MDEK 212 and “KASCAD” DM type are obtained. The conducted studies allowed to determine the optimal ratio of the pipeline diameter, span width and type of running systems, depending on the load-bearing capacity of the soil.

В статье рассматриваются устройство и работа современной системы управления дождевальной машиной «КАСКАД», возможности дистанционной системы GSM контроля оборудования; представлены элементы расчета системы электробезопасности.

Improvement of wide-coverage sprinkler technical level requires provision of high irrigation productivity and quality with the minimum cost of construction, rational use of water and energy. It is necessary to maintain the required flow-pressure characteristics regardless of sprinkler external operating conditions and the length of the water supply belt. The article discusses the possibility of mathematical modeling application for a wide sprinkler design. The studies showed that during the calculation it is possible to get by with the finite equations without resorting to the differential equations of fluid motion theory with variable mass. The obtained dependences served as the basis for the development of water-conducting belt calculation methods for a wide-sprinkler. A numerical simulation of the water supply belt operation of the KASKAD sprinkler is presented with standard values for the pipeline diameters and the variable length of the sprinkler. Numerically obtained graphs of the flow rate and the required pressure dependences on water supply belt length for two design options: with a sector end sprinkler and an end longrange sprinkler operating from a booster pump. By eliminating the length of the water supply belt for the considered two design options, they designed the flow-discharge characteristics of the sprinkler. They presented an example of a constructive solution selection for the water-conducting belt of a sprinkler according to flow-pressure characteristics.