West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus that can affect birds, horses, and humans, and is the only zoonotic Flavivirus that has been identified in six continents. In Brazil, until 2010, there was no evidence of WNV circulation. Recently, the virus was isolated from a horse with encephalitis, and the first human cases were registered in Brazil. Despite that, there is still no information on the enzootic cycle of this virus in birds or wildlife. This study aimed to investigate whether there is evidence of WNV circulation among wild birds from Southern Brazil. For this, we used free-living wild raptors (live-trapped or rescued) as potential sentinels to investigate the presence of WNV antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assay. In addition, the presence of nucleic acids from Flavivirus family members was investigated. None of the birds sampled presented clinical findings compatible with WNV. Of the 200 serum samples from birds of prey belonging to 21 species, ten (5%) were positive for the presence of WNV antibodies on ELISA testing. The PRNT test did not confirm the ELISA results, but indicated that three birds had possibly been exposed to Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). All samples were negative for Flavivirus RNA. The results presented here evince the need for permanent surveillance for emerging flaviviruses in Brazil, as well as for a contingency policy in the case of human/animal outbreaks, particularly in high-risk areas.
RESUMOSíndrome da má adaptação ao cativeiro em Caiman latirostris está relacionada ao estresse crônico, sendo suas causas mais comuns oscilações térmicas exageradas e recintos inadequados. O desencadeamento desta síndrome tem como consequência a depleção do organismo, levando a perda de peso, desenvolvimento de lesões ulcerativas rostrais, dermatites necróticas, apatia, anorexia, desidratação e morte. O prognóstico é reservado e o tratamento da anorexia é difícil, considerando a dificuldade por parte desses animais em se alimentar sozinhos. Um espécime de C. latirostris, fêmea, juvenil, medindo 45 centímetros de comprimento total, foi recebido pelo Núcleo de Reabilitação de Fauna Silvestre e Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NURFS-CETAS/UFPEL) em março de 2017 e após passar por avaliação clínica e exames complementares, como raio-X e endoscopia, o indivíduo foi isolado por um período de duas semanas, em um recinto enriquecido, associado à minimização das contenções, a fim de estimular o aparecimento dos comportamentos típicos da espécie. Tal manejo teve efeito evidenciado no ganho de peso, atividade e independente alimentação do cativo.
Palavras-chave:Alligatoridae.
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