This study aims to translate and validate Early Trauma Inventory Self Report -Short Form (ETISR-SF) to Brazilian Portuguese. 253 adult subjects answered the ETISR-SF, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST). The instrument showed good internal consistency (0.83). Correlations with the PHQ-9 and BAI were moderate (r=0.26-0.47) and showed the expected associations with psychiatric constructs. No associations were found for FTND and FAST. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that a correlated four-factor model as well as a second order model subsuming four lower order components presented the best model fit. Test-retest reliability was also excellent (ICC=0.78-0.90). ETISR-SF is suitable for assessing traumatic experiences in a Brazilian community sample. Given the importance of trauma as a public health problem, tools such as ETISR-SF may help clinicians/ researchers to better evaluate and measure such events and further advance clinical care of trauma victims.

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is prevalent and rarely diagnosed due to the difficulty in recognizing its symptoms as belonging to a disorder. Therefore, the evaluation/screening scales are of great importance for its detection, with the most used being the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Thus, this study proposed to evaluate the psychometric properties of internal consistency and convergent validity, as well as the confirmatory factorial analysis and reliability of the self-reported version of the LSAS (LSAS-SR), translated into Brazilian Portuguese, in a sample of the general population (N = 413) and in a SAD clinical sample (N = 252). The convergent validity with specific scales for the evaluation of SAD and a general anxiety scale presented correlations ranging from 0.21 to 0.84. The confirmatory factorial analysis did not replicate the previously indicated findings of the literature, with the difficulty being in obtaining a consensus factorial structure common to the diverse cultures in which the instrument was studied. The LSAS-SR presented excellent internal consistency (α = 0.90–0.96) and test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.81; Pearson’s = 0.82). The present findings support those of international studies that attest to the excellent psychometric properties of the LSAS-SR, endorsing its status as the gold standard.

The initial psychometric studies of the LSAS-SR presented adequate indicators, stimulating the continuation of studies involving the validation and reliability of the scale not only when applied to a sample of the general population, but also when applied to clinical groups.

ResumoContexto: O transtorno de ansiedade social (TAS), apesar da baixa taxa de detecção e do alto índice de comorbidades associadas, é considerado uma condição tratável. Apesar da resposta estabelecida a diversas classes de medicamentos, os algoritmos para o tratamento do TAS necessitam de atualização constante. Objetivo: Realizar revisão sistemática da literatura no que diz respeito à eficácia dos tratamentos farmacológicos relativos ao TAS, a partir de estudos controlados, conduzidos no período de 2005 a 2010. Método: Foram utilizados os indexadores eletrônicos PsycoInfo, Lilacs e Medline, utilizando-se as palavras-chave: "social phobia or social anxiety and treatment". Resultados: De acordo com critérios de inclusão adotados, 29 artigos foram incluídos e analisados. Mostram-se eficazes para o tratamento do TAS as seguintes drogas, de acordo com a classe: a) ISRSs: escitalopram, fluvoxamina, citalopram, GR205171 e sertralina; b) ISRSN: venlafaxina; c) IMAOs: fenelzina, moclobemina; d) aminoácidos: d-cicloserina; f) anticonvulsivantes: tiagabina. Conclusão: Os ISRSs e os ISRSNs têm seu uso estabelecido e ainda continuam sendo considerados primeira opção de tratamento. Porém, destaca-se o potencial futuro da d-cicloserina e dos anticonvulsivantes, com necessidade de um número maior de estudos controlados que confirmem os achado iniciais. A ação das diferentes drogas em nível neurobiológico, bem como dos tratamentos associados, necessita ainda ser mais explorada.Forni- Santos L, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2011;38(6):238-46 Palavras-chave: Transtorno de ansiedade, tratamento, psicofarmacologia, fobia social, resposta ao tratamento. AbstractBackground: Social anxiety disorder (SAD), despite its low detection rates and high level of associated comorbidities, is considered a treatable condition. Although the condition's response to several drug classes is well established, the algorithms for the treatment of SAD require regular updating. Objective: To perform a systematic literature review on the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for SAD based on controlled trials published between 2005 and 2010. Method: Searches were performed in the electronic databases PsycInfo, Lilacs, and Medline using the search terms "social phobia or social anxiety and treatment". Results: In accordance with the inclusion criteria adopted, 29 articles were included and analyzed. The following drugs, grouped according to class, proved efficient to treat SAD: a) SSRIs: escitalopram, fluvoxamine, citalopram, GR205171, and sertraline; b) SNRI: venlafaxine; c) MAOIs: phenelzine, moclobemide; d) amino acids: f-cycloserine; and (e) anticonvulsants: tiagabine. Discussion: The use of SSRIs and SNRIs to treat SAD is well established and these are still considered the firstline treatment for the condition; however, evidence suggests the future potential of D-cycloserine and anticonvulsants, whose efficacy must be confirmed by further controlled trials. The action profiles of the different medications used to treat SAD at the neurobiological level,...