This systematic review aims to uncover the challenges related to patient flow from a whole public hospital perspective and identify strategies to overcome these challenges. A search in Medline, Emcare and PubMed was conducted and 24 articles published in English, from 2015 to 2020, were selected in relation to patient flow challenges and strategies. Analysis of the articles was completed using a thematic approach to identify common themes in relation to the area of focus. Strategies from the literature were then aligned with the challenges to inform areas of potential improvement in relation to patient flow. The themes generated included Teamwork, Collaboration and Communication; Public Hospitals as complex systems; Timely discharge; Policy, Process and Decision‐making; and Resources‐capacity and demand. The key finding is that a whole system approach is required to improve patient flow in public hospitals. When effective patient flow is achieved, demand and capacity are matched, increasing patient access to the health service and enabling the resources required to provide high quality patient care. The findings will create a better understanding of improving patient flow in public hospitals.