Brazil has endured the worst droughts in recorded history over the last decade, resulting in severe socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The country is heavily reliant on water resources, with 77.7% of water consumed for agriculture (irrigation and livestock), 9.7% for the industry, and 11.4% for human supply. Hydropower plants generate about 64% of all electricity consumed. The aim of this study was to improve the current state of knowledge regarding hydrological drought patterns in Brazil, hydrometeorological factors, and their effects on the country’s hydroelectric power plants. The results show that since the drought occurred in 2014/2015 over the Southeast region of Brazil, several basins were sharply impacted and remain in a critical condition until now. Following that event, other regions have experienced droughts, with critical rainfall deficit and high temperatures, causing a pronounced impact on water availability in many of the studied basins. Most of the hydropower plants end the 2020–2021 rainy season by operating at a fraction of their total capacity, and thus the country’s hydropower generation was under critical regime.
O aumento da emissão dos gases estufa, causado sobretudo pelo desenvolvimento da atividade industrial, acarreta diversos problemas no âmbito global, como a intensificação das mudanças climáticas. Estudos visam analisar como as mudanças climáticas se relacionam com a intensificação dos eventos climáticos extremos (ECE). No Brasil, um dos ECE mais recorrentes são as secas intensas. Tais eventos geram grandes impactos socioambientais, principalmente em populações vulneráveis. O presente estudo possuía como objetivo avaliar o avanço científico no estudo do fenômeno das secas extremas que ocorrem no Nordeste do Brasil (NEB), buscando na literatura especializada, causas para o fenômeno através da metodologia da Revisão Sistemática de Literatura. Pesquisas apontam que as mudanças climáticas podem ser responsáveis por aumento na frequência e intensidade de secas extremas. A maioria dos estudos sobre o tema são realizados de forma qualitativa. Os estudos possibilitam previsões mais acuradas sobre as possíveis consequências das secas extremas no Brasil, embora, na maioria dos casos, não tenham avaliado ou realizado de forma quantitativa análises preditivas ou causais das secas extremas.
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