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It is contended that water conservation measures that reduce a water system's net revenues are unlikely to be adopted. Pricing policies that induce conservation can be designed to increase net revenues. Management practices that lead to conservation and pure conservation measures may reduce net revenues; consequently, they are unlikely to be adopted. Recent experience in five southwestern cities supports these contentions. It is argued that the managers of a municipal water enterprise are particularly sensitive to short term variation in revenues. Consequently, to increase the likelihood of the adoption of measures that reduce net revenues it is necessary to remove either the decision to adopt measures that reduce net revenue or the adverse revenue effect from the water enterprise. Finally, to make higher rates for conservation palatable, imaginative use for the funds generated must be developed.

The relationship between the probability of a teenage birth and various independent variables lepiesenting fecundity, attitudes, resources, and the economic opportunities for a sample of teenage females drawn from the 1980 census is examined. A theoretical framework, based on Becker's model, is employed to describe the birth-decision process and tested using a logit technique. The findings suggest that receipt oi public assistance income and perceived economic opportunities are more important in explaining fertility probabilities among older (18-19 years old) teenagers. Among younger teens, accessibility to family planning and abortion services, and religious attitudes towzcd family planning ate more important predictors of fertility.

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Can geographic information systems (GIS) help in power line route selection in the ecologically sensitive and socially complex area of Kranskop in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa? Transforming data into digital form and preparing layers for the GIS was time-consuming. Weights were assigned to layers using a pairwise comparison matrix, and combined into a single composite cost surface using the multi-criteria evaluation module of the IDRISI GIS package, whose 'automated' route selector was unsuccessful, so computer-assisted methods were used. Cost indices, area analysis and impacts of routes were readily compared. Changing weights had no major impact. The views of interested and affected parties influenced our results; how can this best be achieved in future? Positive attributes of GIS are its interactive nature and its overlaying and displaying selected information at relevant times.