The objective of the study is to evaluate the respiration of the microbial flora of soils amended with household waste compost under tomato cultivation. The experimental device adopted was that of complete random blocks with three repetitions. The compost was applied in doses of 10 t.ha-1, 20 t.ha-1, 30 t.ha-1 and 40 t.ha-1. To these treatments are added those of absolute control, mineral fertilization (0.2 t.ha-1 of NPK 15-15-15 and 0.1 t.ha-1 of Urea 46% N) and organo fertilization -mineral (10 t.ha-1 of compost combined with 0.1 t.ha-1 of NPK 15-15-15 and 0.05 t.ha-1 of Urea 46% N). Soil samples were taken from the plots at a depth of 0 - 20 cm and incubated in the laboratory for the evaluation of the respiration of the microbial flora. Soil CO2 emission was measured daily for 28 days of incubation using NaOH and 0.1 N HCl as titrant after precipitating the carbonate with barium chloride (BaCl2) solution by alkaline back titration in the presence of the colored indicator (phenolphthalein). The results showed that the application of compost from household waste induced an increase in CO2 emission from the soil (60.67-215.4 mg.kg-1 of soil) and fruit yield of tomato (8.61-36.43 t.ha-1). Thus the application of compost at the dose of 30 t.ha-1 improves soil biological activity and tomato fruit yield.

In Togo, cultivated yams are severely infected by Yam Mosaic Virus (YMV). In order to find an efficient method for researching genotypes resistant to the virus, this study aims to screen plants obtained from yam seeds. As such, 640 yam seedlings were produced from seeds collected on 20 plants (accessions) of wild yams, D. praehensilis (10) and D. abyssinica (10) and on 12 plants of the complex D. cayenensis-rotundata. The yam seeds were collected during prospections carried out in october 2018, covering 14 districts in Central and Plateaux regions of Togo. Then, 20 yam seedlings (ten plants in two replicates) per accession, were inoculated with YMV isolate M9-30 using mechanical inoculation. Leaf samples taken from the inoculated seedlings, were analyzed by RT-PCR to detect the YMV, using QiAgen one step RT-PCR Kit and a pair of primers YMV1 & YMV2 (196 pb) . Data was analyzed using GenStat 12.1 and SPSS 20.  Following the observations and molecular analyzes, it appears that 46.5% of the seedlings inoculated in D. praehensilis, were resistant, while 27.08% of resistant plants and 0.47% of tolerant plants were obtained in  D. cayenensis-rotundata  complex and 17% resistant plants obtained in D. abyssinica. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between among accessions of D. praehensilis and those of D. abyssinica at P≤0.05. The high rate of 30% of resistant plants provided in total, and specifically, the results obtained in D. cayenensis-rotundata compared to those provided in 2012 using clonal selection, i.e. 8.33%, suggest that, screening of seedlings from yam seeds, is efficient and could be used for researching yam genotypes resistant to YMV. Results of D. abyssinica and of some accessions of D. cayenensis-rotundata, would be influenced by the proximity of other yam species. The yam seeds production environment would, therefore, be an important factor to take into account.

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Natural pastures constitute the bulk of livestock feed in Togo, but very few studies have been conducted on their nutritional value. The objective of the study is to identify in the maritime region located in the south of Togo plant resources available and recoverable in livestock feed. During the ethnobotanical survey in the field, the feeding behavior of grazing cattle was observed and made it possible to collect samples of grazed plants. A part of each sample is brought to the laboratory for taxonomic identification and then another part goes for bromatological analysis. The results obtained from the bromatological analysis of 40 most palatable plant species in the region showed that the moisture content of the samples varies from 2.23 to 9.43%. The rates of ash, fat and crude fiber vary respectively from 2.23 to 9.43%, from 1.29 to 30.33%, from 0.85 to 8.11% and from 6.03 to 32 .3%.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third most important source of calories for human and animal in Africa. Its production is adversely affected by Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) which is the most important viral disease in cassava fields. To fight these virus diseases, it is significant to seek strategies of effective control while answering the taste of consumers. One of these strategies is to create new resistant/tolerant clones by genetic selection. However, in order to hasten the selection of these resistant/tolerant clones, it is important to know the germination conditions of these cassava seeds in order to have healthy planting materials for screening purposes in the field. With this purpose, a Split-Split-plot design was adopted to evaluate effect of various factors (sunning, germination medium and treatment by sulfuric acid, heat or cold) on the germination of seeds. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using GenStat and means were separated by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance. These evaluation results revealed that germination of cassava seeds is influenced by degree of sunning. Amongst the treatments carried out, the treatment of the seeds by cold increased the germination percentage from 30 to 70%. The nature of the germination media used for seed germination in this study did not have any significant effect on the rate and speed of germination. The length of the germination can be reduced from 2 weeks-several months to 8-30 days under favourable conditions.