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The Structural Genomics of Pathogenic Protozoa (SGPP) Consortium aimed to determine crystal structures of proteins from trypanosomatid and malaria parasites in a high throughput manner. The pipeline of target selection, protein production, crystallization, and structure determination, is sketched. Special emphasis is given to a number of technology developments including domain prediction, the use of "co-crystallants," and capillary crystallization. "Fragment cocktail crystallography" for medical structural genomics is also described.

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The diagnostic workstation serves as the radiologist's interface to the PACS and is intended to ultimately supersede the film alternator as the radiologist's principal tool for image reviewing, reporting, and consulting. At the University of Washington, we have developed a personal computer -based, singlescreen, radiological imaging workstation and two supporting user interfaces. The first interface, RadUI I, used pictorial directories to offer the user a quick visual overview of a single patient study. In addition, it made available a variety of image processing functions through a mouse -based, menu -driven user interface. A second user interface was motivated by our belief that the display of images, rather than image processing, is the fundamental issue in workstation design for radiological viewing. The RadUI II user interface supports the tiled display of up to 4 independent, virtual display monitors on a single physical screen. Both interfaces are based on a hybrid alternator -filmstrip conceptual model. This paper describes the two user interfaces and reports the results of an evaluation designed to study the effectiveness of the alternator -filmstrip model.

Low-cost image processing systems which can provide convenient access to image processing and analysis techniques hold great potential as diagnostic and research tools in medical imaging. At the University of Washington, we have developed a PC-based medium performance image processing system for use as an experimental radiological workstation. The workstation uses a standard IBM PC/AT personal computer augmented with a custom designed image processor implemented on two IBM PC/AT prototyping boards. Features of the system include up to 52 512 • 512 • 8 bit frame buffers (4 on the image processor board and up to 48 in the host computer memory) and a 512 • 512 • 4 bit graphics overlay memory, hardware zoom, pan and scroll, pseudo coloring, and a 60 Hz noninterlaced display. Many image processing and analysis functions are provided in this workstation, and all user requests are supported in an interactive fashion. For example, arithmetic and logical point operations between two 512 • 512 frame buffers require approximately 170 ms, while computationally intensive functions such as an 11 • 11 convolution or a full screen geometric transformation (warping) can be completed in less than 10 seconds. A full screen 2-D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse FFT (IFFT) based on the row-column method can be completed in less than 20 seconds. The developed system can easily be configured into a DIN/PACS workstation or a biological imaging system. Hardware and software details of this workstation as well as user interface functions implemented will be discussed in the paper.