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Summary The acid‐base and electrolyte balance was studied in 8 diabetic and 8 healthy mothers and their infants at caesarean section near term. Microliter methods were used for determination of pH, total CO2, potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, total protein, inorganic phosphorus, glucose and lactate. The acid‐base and electrolyte balance of the newborn infant of a well‐controlled diabetic mother did not differ significantly from that of a newborn infant of a healthy mother. The infant of a diabetic mother seemed to be able to correct for an excess load of glucose and to maintain a “normal” level in the blood in the umbilical artery. Earlier observations that intense maternal hyperventilation is associated with a changed uterine and placental circulation and results in fetal acidosis were not confirmed in the present study.