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GAD1 is expressed in benign and malignant prostatic tissue and may serve as a highly prostate-specific tissue biomarker.

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Objective To evaluate the tissue yield of a new core-biopsy needle with an end-cut mechanism when used for transrectal prostate biopsies. Patients and methods The end-cut instrument has an adjustable stroke length (13, 23 or 33 mm) and an inner and an outer cannula, but no trocar. It was compared with the conventional side-notch needle (Biopty, Bard, Covington, GA, USA) with trocar and fixed stroke length (22 mm). In 60 men, octant biopsies were taken including the apex, mid-medial, mid-lateral and basal positions. At random, the left side of the prostate was biopsied with one of the instruments and the right side with the other. The length and weight of the biopsy specimens were measured. In 40 men, the stroke length of the end-cut instrument was set to 23 mm, and in 20 men it was set to 33 mm.Results The weight and the weight per length of the biopsies provided by the end-cut instrument with a stroke length of 23 mm were 18.4% and 13.7%, respectively, greater than in the biopsies from the side-notch instrument (P<0.001). In 21.9% of the attempts no tissue was obtained by the end-cut needle, compared with 1.9% with the side-notch needle. With a 33 mm stroke length, the length and weight of the end-cut biopsies were 38.4% and 33.0%, respectively, greater than in biopsies from the side-notch instrument. Conclusion The end-cut instrument provided a greater tissue yield than the side-notch needle, but a significant number of biopsies were lost.

AMACR is an accurate diagnostic tissue marker for PC. However, in some PCs AMACR is false negative and a panel of CYCS, ICK and IKBKB may serve as ancillary diagnostic tool.