The effects of a widespread use of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) on harmonics in the low voltage grid are analyzed. Therefore, measurements of the harmonic characteristics of nine different brands of CFLs are done. Based on these measurement results, a simulation model is developed, which enables to study the interaction of multiple CFLs. Thereby, the harmonic content of both currents and voltages are considered. Additionally, the impact of the capacitive behavior of CFLs on resonances phenomena is investigated and its consequences for the harmonic spectrum are represented.

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Distorted currents and voltages are an increasing problem in electrical power networks. Primarily, they are caused by loads and decentralized power supply units which are connected by power electronic interfaces. In order to analyze the effects of a widespread use of such nonlinear appliances, nonlinear models have to be developed. Beside the current source model (CSM), which is suitable only for one specific voltage distortion, the Norton approaches are one of the most common approaches in frequency domain. In this paper, the classic Norton model (NM) and the advanced coupled NM are calculated based on various measurement sets and analyzed regarding their practical applicability in harmonic studies. The limitations of application are emphasized and suitable measurement sets for the calculation of the model parameters are evaluated.

The German "Energiewende" leads to significant uncertainty in terms of future demand and generation development. Distribution networks are mainly affected by the resulting different divergent requirements: Distribution networks are transformed into local transportation grids. Additionally network investments are restricted by regulation. The solution presented here combines strategic Asset Management (age & condition) and Network Development (capacity) in a synergetic fashion to raise significant technical & economical optimization potential. An adaption to uncertainty in the future is based on the analysis of a variety of load and feed-in scenarios. This approach enables optimal risk and cost aware decisions.

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