Our current research lays emphasis on the extended pedestrian perception and copes with both the dynamic group behavior and the individual evaluation of situations, and hence, rather focuses on the tactical level of movement behavior. Whereas common movement models primary consider operational aspects (spatial exclusion or distance and direction related repulsion), the consideration of psychophysical concepts and intra-group coordination overcomes the idea of directed repulsion forces and derives specific movement decision with respect to the individual evaluation of situations. To provide a solid basis we analyze both data recorded at a mass event and data from a double-staged evacuation test to derive essential group dynamic behaviors and psychological related decision principles, respectively.For the data acquisition in the field, we recorded the movement behavior of the participants of the German Protestant Kirchentag at Dresden (1.-5. June 2011 with 120,000 fulltime participants and approx. 50,000 guests) and use this data as a solid base for the group constellation and behavior. As our data points out, there are significant differences in the density-speed-relation (fundamental diagram) regarding the constellation of groups. Heterogeneous crowds consists of independent pedestrians possess a homogenous density and each pedestrian has a high flexibility to change the speed and the direction of motion. The effect of clustered density (alternating local density clusters and open space) increases with the amount of groups, their mobility, and with the group size ( fig. 1). These density spots significantly change the individual speed characteristic and the corresponding movement behavior (e.g. distance keeping, collision avoidance).

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Research on the acceptability of assistive systems for improving the safety of powered two-wheelers (PTWs) is a pressing issue. The use of safety-enhancing assistive systems for motorised vehicles, including advanced driver assistance systems and in-vehicle information systems is widespread in many countries. Yet, there is only a limited number of equivalent intelligent transport systems (ITS) for PTWs, namely advanced rider assistance systems and on-bike information systems. This study describes the methodological development of a specific tool for assessing motorcyclists' acceptability of ITS, as part of the motorcyclists' profiling questionnaire (MOPROQ). There were three stages of development. First, a literature review was undertaken to assess the current state of the art regarding ITS for PTWs and to determine the most relevant facets of acceptability that should be measured. Second, a series of focus group interviews were conducted to explore riders' attitudes towards ITS. Finally, the focus group results were used to develop a large-scale survey (MOPROQ), which was administered to an initial sample of over 6000 riders internationally. The designed tool can be used as a basis for the determination of rider acceptability of ITS systems in the future.

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