On the basis of the analysis of international program documents and modern scientific researches devoted to the actual issues of counteraction to corruption, the problematic aspects in the implementation of the formula «definition -measurementcounteraction to corruption», which are hindering the state anti-corruption policy in many countries of the world, and in particular in Ukraine, are grounded. The authors of the article argue that effective counteraction to corruption, regardless of national context, depends on the coherence of a three-component mechanism which includes the categorical design of corruption, development and taking into account the features of economic development, political history of the country, its institutional «heritage», ethnic and socio-cultural traditions of proper and adequate tools for measuring corruption, and, finally, the formation of an adequate anti-corruption policy. Unlike other similar studies, this article attempts to reveal the underlying causes of the failure of anti-corruption programs which are of theoretically, methodologically and nationally determined character. The authors investigate the problem of combating corruption in its global and general social dimension, and, at the same time, on the example of the Ukrainian experience, which proves the need to develop a sound methodology for studying the level of corruption, taking into account the national specificity.

Adnotacja. W artykule omówiono specyfikę stosowania zasady praworządności przez sądy międzynarodowe i krajowe. Ustalono, że koncepcja demokratycznego państwa prawnego w Ukrainie pozostaje głównym tematem badawczym wśród krajowych naukowców -filozofów, socjologów, prawników, politologów, menedżerów itp., a także do wprowadzenia jej głównych idei przez władze publiczne, biorąc pod uwagę pozytywne doświadczenia innych krajów. Podkreślono, że powstanie takiego modelu państwa, który funkcjonowałby na zasadach praworządności -jest zjawiskiem złożonym i długotrwałym, wymagającym systemowych, spójnych, merytorycznie jakościowych modernizacji polityczno-prawnych, społeczno-ekonomicznych, duchowo-kulturowych. Należy zauważyć, że analiza orzeczeń Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka, Sądu Konstytucyjnego Ukrainy i Sądu Najwyższego wskazuje, że na obecnym etapie sędziowie aktywnie stosują w praktyce zasadę praworządności. Określono obiecujące kierunki teorii i praktyki prawnej w zapewnianiu zasady praworządności.

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The aim of the article is to determine the specificities of the remuneration of civil servants in the Federal Republic of Germany. The subject of the study is the remuneration of civil servants in the Federal Republic of Germany. Methodology. The study is based on the use of general scientific and special-scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method enabled to interrogate the development of the institution of the remuneration of civil servants in the Federal Republic of Germany. The comparative legal method enabled to compare doctrinal approaches to this issue. The system-structural method enabled to determine the elements of the remuneration of civil servants of the Federal Republic of Germany. Methods of analysis and synthesis helped study certain parts of this institute to formulate further conclusions about its most optimal functioning. The logicsemantic method was used to determine the content of the principles of “ensuring a decent standard of living for a public servant,” “equality of public service actors” and “allowance/supplies”. The normative-dogmatic method enabled to analyse the content of legal regulations of the domestic legislation and the legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany on the issue. Practical implications. The determination of the specificities of the remuneration of public servants in the Federal Republic of Germany enabled to make recommendations for improving the remuneration system of this category of employees in Ukraine, as well as identify problematic issues that require further consideration and research. Relevance/originality. The author’s definition of the concept of “remuneration of public servants” is proposed and the specific features of this institute, insufficiently studied before, are analysed. The article analyses the specificities of the remuneration of public servants. Their list is determined and the content of each of them is disclosed. The specificities of the remuneration of public servants are substantiated in comparison with other categories of employees. The study of the positive experience of Germany enabled to suggest: to adopt a special legal regulation on the remuneration of public servants in Ukraine, that is, the Law of Ukraine “On Remuneration of Public Servants”; to provide in the norms of the Law of Ukraine “On Public Service” the allowances for the professionalism of a public servant; to provide public servants with the opportunity to carry out another paid activity subject to the special permission of the head of a state body.

The article examines the concept of control over the activities of local self-government bodies, its place in the system of social control. Social control is in its content and includes control activities of both government bodies, and directly civil society. The ratio of control over the activities of local self-government bodies with related concepts is substantiated. The requirements for this type of control have been updated. The activities of local self-government bodies as an object and subject of control are described. The classification of types of such control is carried out through the application of reasonable classification criteria, which allowed to form its holistic vision.