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Context: Optimal postoperative vision can be achieved through a low surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), which is closely related to the site of incisions. Studies showed that temporal incision gives low SIA. However, a temporal incision is not convenient for some surgeons and in a small operating room with a limited number of assistants. These limitations can be overcome by using a superior approach. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate SIA after phacoemulsification with clear corneal incision using superior approach in different kinds of astigmatism as an alternative site of incision. Settings and Design: Medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery were collected retrospectively between April and August 2017. Appropriate statistical analyses using Kruskal–Wallis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Games-Howell test were done to assess the effect of superior approach on corneal curvature and whether it varies between different kinds of astigmatism. Results: Kruskal-Wallis test shows that there was no significant postoperative power change across different astigmatism groups (χ 2 (2) = 0.805, P = 0.669). ANOVA and Games-Howell test show that oblique astigmatism had higher changes to its curvature compared with against the rule or with the rule astigmatism. Conclusions: The average SIA from the study was 0.34 diopter. Our study concludes that there is no statistically significant difference to SIA between three groups of astigmatism when they were operated using superior approach.

Purpose : Corneal disorders leading to corneal blindness was one of the major causes for blindness worldwide. This retrospective study was done to report the indications for corneal transplantation and also the latest surgical technique between lamellar and penetrating keratoplasty at JEC Hospital, Jakarta Indonesia from 2014 to 2018. Methods : Records of all patients who underwent penetrating and lamellar keratoplasties at our hospital between 2014 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient demographic data such as age and gender, together with indications and surgical technique of corneal transplantation were recorded and analysed. Results : Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, corneal scarring post infection, and corneal dystrophy were the most common indications for corneal transplantation in our centre (33.91%; 28%; 16.63%; respectively). In 2014, corneal ulcer was one of the leading causes for complete corneal transplantation (12.5%) but its incidence was decreasing each year. 66.55% of procedures performed were penetrating keratoplasty. However, the shift from penetrating to lamellar procedures such as DSAEK increases significantly since 2007 and even more increased by 2 times within the last 5 years (15.27%; 35%; respectively). Conclusion : The number of keratoplasties in JEC has increased from 2014 to 2018. Since 2007, posterior lamellar keratoplasties have increased and began to create some shift from penetrating to lamellar since then. There was a constant increase number of DSAEK due to donor availability from the new eye bank in 2017. The shorter recovery time after DSAEK seems to contribute to the trend toward earlier operative intervention in corneal endothelial disease. The leading indications for DSAEK was bullous keratopathy.

Oftalmopati Graves (OG) merupakan manifestasi ekstra-tiroid tersering dari penyakit Graves. Sebanyak lebih dari 50% penderita Graves akan mengalami OG, bahkan 10% diantaranya menderita OG derajat berat. Mekanisme terjadinya OG berhubungan dengan reaksi autoimun yang sangat kompleks dan dicurigai juga berhubungan dengan ketidakseimbangan kadar antioksidan serta oksidan di dalam tubuh. Selain itu, faktor lingkungan (rokok) dan juga kontrol yang buruk dari penyakit Graves semakin memicu progresifitas dari oftalmopati.Salah satu komponen antioksidan yang paling banyak terdapat pada kelenjar tiroid adalah selenium. Selenium diharapkan dapat membantu mengatasi OG terutama pada derajat ringan dengan memperbaiki ketidakseimbangan antara kadar oksidan dan antioksidan di dalam tubuh. Namun, pemberian selenium tidak dapat dilakukan secara bebas karena pemberian dalam jumlah yang tidak tepat dapat memicu timbulnya beberapa jenis kanker dan juga diabetes mellitus tipe II.