Background:Conducting research with dying persons can be controversial and challenging due to concerns for the vulnerability of the dying and the potential burden on those who participate with the possibility of little benefit.Aim:To conduct an integrative review to answer the question ‘What are dying persons’ perspectives or experiences of participating in research?Design:A structured integrative review of the empirical literature was undertaken.Data sources:Cumulative Index Nursing and Allied Health Complete, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Informit and Embase databases were searched for the empirical literature published since inception of the databases until February 2017.Results:From 2369 references, 10 papers were included in the review. Six were qualitative studies, and the remaining four were quantitative. Analysis revealed four themes: value of research, desire to help, expression of self and participation preferences. Dying persons value research participation, regarding their contribution as important, particularly if it provides an opportunity to help others. Participants perceived that the potential benefits of research can and should be measured in ways other than life prolongation or cure. Willingness to participate is influenced by study type or feature and degree of inconvenience.Conclusion:Understanding dying persons’ perspectives of research participation will enhance future care of dying persons. It is essential that researchers do not exclude dying persons from clinically relevant research due to their prognosis, fear or burden or perceived vulnerability. The dying should be afforded the opportunity to participate in research with the knowledge it may contribute to science and understanding and improve the care and treatment of others.

In order to use ambient seismic noise for mapping Earth's structure, it is important to understand the spatio‐temporal characteristics of the noise field. This study uses data collected during four austral winter months of 2002 to investigate New Zealand's ambient seismic noise field in the double‐ocean‐wave‐frequency range (0.1–0.3 Hz). It is shown via beamforming analysis that there are two distinct dispersive waves in the data. These waves can be separated. Their estimated phase velocities (2.5–2 and 4–3 km/s in the frequency range 0.14–0.25 Hz) match well with fundamental and higher‐mode Rayleigh dispersion curves. Studies of double‐wave‐frequency microseisms elsewhere generally show the Rayleigh noise fields to be dominated by fundamental mode waves. The reason why higher‐mode signals are observed here may reflect a combination of long ocean wave periods, large waveheights, the direct deep water approach to narrow continental margins, and the proximity of the seismograph array to the source regions.

Background: Limited guidance exists on culturally sensitive communication related to interactions between clinicians, patients and families. Objectives: To explore the concept of culturally sensitive communication and identify clinical practice implications and knowledge gaps related to culturally sensitive communication in healthcare. Methods: A concept analysis was undertaken, using Walker and Avant's (2011) framework which comprises eight consecutive steps to explore the concept and clinical practice implications. A systematic literature search was undertaken to identify papers published between January 1, 1995 and December 20, 2017, leading to the inclusion of 37 relevant research papers in the concept analysis. Results: Based on the research literature, examples of model, borderline and contrary cases of culturally sensitive communication were developed. Three major uses of culturally sensitive communication were identified, including understanding one's own culture, open and sensitive communication, and strategies to collaborate with the patient and family for optimal patient care. An awareness of one's own cultural beliefs, values, attitudes and practices was identified as an essential first step before learning about other cultures. This awareness includes being sensitive and adaptive to individual cultural differences and relies on clinician self-understanding and reflection. Strategies to collaborate with the patient and family for patient care include respectful and supportive clinician interactions with the family that enable a collaborative approach to care. Conclusions: This concept analysis aids understanding of culturally sensitive communication, the benefits and challenges associated with its use, and clinical practice implications.

The findings of this systematic review show that clinicians lack the knowledge to enable effective interaction with culturally diverse patients and families at the end-of-life.

[1] The increased use of ambient seismic noise for seismic imaging requires better understanding of the ambient seismic noise wavefield and its source locations and mechanisms. Although the source regions and mechanisms of Rayleigh waves have been studied extensively, characterization of Love wave source processes are sparse or absent. We present here the first systematic comparison of ambient seismic noise source directions within the primary (~10-20 s period) and secondary (~5-10 s period) microseism bands for both Rayleigh and Love waves in the Southern Hemisphere using vertical-and horizontalcomponent ambient seismic noise recordings from a dense temporary network of 68 broadband seismometers in New Zealand. Our analysis indicates that Rayleigh and Love waves within the primary microseism band appear to be mostly generated in different areas, whereas in the secondary microseism band they arrive from similar backazimuths. Furthermore, the source areas of surface waves within the secondary microseism band correlate well with modeled deep-water and near-coastal source regions.Citation: Behr Y., J. Townend, M. Bowen, L. Carter, R. Gorman, L. Brooks, and S. Bannister (2013), Source directionality of ambient seismic noise inferred from three-component beamforming,