If a patient adheres to religious values and practices, should the treating psychologist get input from a clergyperson? How frequent is clergy-psychologist collaboration? What obstacles impede such collaboration? An exploratory survey questionnaire was sent to 200 clergy, 200 psychologists interested in religious issues, and 200 psychologists selected without regard to religious interests or values. Four themes were assessed: types of collaborative activities, frequency of collaboration, obstacles to collaboration, and ways to enhance collaboration. Strategies for promoting clergypsychologist collaboration include challenging unidirectional referral assumptions, building trust through proximity and familiarity, and considering the importance of shared values and beliefs. When did you last reflect on the range of other professionals with whom you have regular contact? Who was on the list? Other psychologists, a couple psychiatrists, a few social workers, some teachers (if you work with children), and some primary care physicians-and maybe some nurses? Any clergy? The professional practice of psychology has changed over past decades, and the amount of professional collaboration has expanded (

Some psychologists may be interested in working collaboratively with clergy and yet may not know where to start. What kinds of collaborative projects are possible? A qualitative analysis of 77 narratives offered by psychologists and clergy involved in collaboration revealed that collaboration between psychologists and clergy currently takes place in at least four contexts: mental health services, parish life, community concerns, and academics. Reported obstacles to collaboration are also described. Essential attitudes for psychologists interested in collaborating with clergy include respecting clergy as professionals, willingness to venture out from traditional professional settings, and exploring innovative collaborative possibilities.

C-terminally truncated and mutated forms of GLUT1 have been constructed to determine the minimum structure at the C-terminus required for glucose transport activity and ligand binding at the outer and inner binding sites. Four truncated mutants have been constructed (CTD24 to CTD27) in which 24 to 27 amino acids are deleted. In addition, point substitutions of R468-->L, F467-->L and G466-->E have been produced. Chinese hamster ovary clones which were transfected with these mutant GLUT1s were shown, by Western blotting and cell-surface carbohydrate labelling, to have expression levels which were comparable with the wild-type clone. Wild-type levels of 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport activity were retained only in the clone transfected with the construct in which 24 amino acids were deleted (CTD24). The CTD25, CTD26 and CTD27 clones showed markedly reduced transport activity. From a kinetic comparison of the CTD24 and CTD26 clones it was found that the reduced transport was mainly associated with a reduced Vmax. value for 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake but with a slight lowering of the Km. These data establish that the 24 amino acids at the C-terminus of GLUT1 are not required for the transport catalysis. However, the point mutations of F467L and G466E (26 and 27 residues from the C-terminus) did not significantly perturb the kinetics of 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport. The substitution of R468L produced a slight, but significant, lowering of the Km. The ability of the truncated GLUt1s to bind the exofacial ligand, 2-N-4-(1-zai-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl-1,3-bis-(D-mannos- 4-yl-oxy) -2-propylamine (ATB-BMPA), and the endofacial ligand, cytochalasin B, were assessed by photolabelling procedures. The ability to bind ATB-BMPA was retained only in the CTD24 truncated mutant and was reduced to levels comparable with those of the non-transfected clone in the other mutant clones. Cytochalasin B labelling was unimpaired in all four mutated GLUT1s. These data establish that a minimum structure at the C-terminus of GLUT1, which is required for the conformational change to expose the exofacial site, includes amino acids at positions Phe-467 and Arg-468; however, these amino acids are not individually essential.

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In previous papers it has been shown that chromium or cobalt in metal‐complexed azo dyes can be replaced by iron without adversely affecting the dyeing or mutagenic properties. Before commercial exploitation could be considered, an assessment of the aquatic toxicity of the iron complex dyes was important. The effect of replacing chromium and cobalt with iron on the aquatic toxicity of metal complex acid dyes for polyamide and protein substrates has been assessed in terms of the effect on Lemna minor (duckweed). A similar assessment has been carried out to show the effect on toxicity of dyebath decolorisation using ozonolysis. The results confirm that iron‐complexed dyes are generally less toxic than the corresponding chromium or cobalt complexes, and that ozonolysis of aqueous solutions causes an increase in both pH and toxicity to Lemna minor. Received: 30 April 2005; Accepted: 23 June 2005.