Las plagas forestales son agentes que ocasionan daños de tipo mecánico o fisiológico a los árboles, como deformaciones, disminuciones en el crecimiento, debilitamiento o incluso la muerte, causando un impacto ecológico, económico y social importante. En este estudio se desarrolla una técnica para la detección de plaga forestal por medio de fotografías aéreas infrarrojas. El uso de fotografías aéreas digitales en color e infrarrojo permitió obtener imágenes VIR (visible + infrarrojo) con cuatro bandas y una resolución aproximada de un metro por pixel. Mediante la interpretación visual se logró reconocer y localizar árboles con algún estado de deterioro e incluso individuos muertos.Se analizó una superficie de 1 907 ha en sierra Chincua, donde la mayor afectación se dio en zona núcleo con 97 puntos (62%) con más del doble de densidad de individuos (11 árboles/km2) en comparación con la zona de amortiguamiento (4 árboles/km2). Este mayor daño es debido a las políticas de manejo forestal, que establecen el no manejo (incluido el saneamiento) en la zona núcleo.Las fotografías aéreas digitales son útiles para la detección de árboles dañados en los bosques de oyamel mediante la interpretación visual con una eficiencia del 98%. El método utilizado tiene una mayor relación costo-efectividad comparado con sobrevuelo de helicóptero y trabajo de campo.
The detection of urban expansion through digital processing of satellite images provides valuable information for understanding the dynamics of land use change and its spatial relationship with environmental factors. In order to apply or generate effective land-use planning policies, it is essential to have a historical record of the regional distribution of human settlements, an element that is practically non-existent in our country. For this reason, this text aims to determine the urban growth rate during the period 2000–2014 in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, and to identify potential expansion zones from Landsat images. Six Landsat scenes were used for the spatial analysis of the state urban coverage and their relationship with the road influence area was evaluated. Two maps were obtained as cartographic products: one of urban coverage distribution and another of the municipalities with the greatest expansion, whose areas are located in the Valle del Mezquital region. However, Mineral de la Reforma, Tetepango, Tizayuca and Pachuca de Soto stand out for their growth rates during the study period: 183.44%, 102%, 94% and 68.5%, respectively. In total, the state urban area in-creased 72.3 km2 from 2000 to 2014 with an average growth rate of 1.8% per year. Such growth was associated with the areas of influence of important road infrastructure, such as the Libramiento Arco Norte in Hidalgo. Therefore, the Mezquital Valley and the Mexico Basin are considered as potential regions for urban expansion in the state.
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