Background: Pneumococcal meningitis (PM) is a serious disease that can rarely recur at a later time after the initial episode. Methods: A retrospective multicenter case–control study was conducted with data for children 18 years of age or younger obtained from the National Observatory of Bacterial Meningitis in Children between January 2001 and September 2015. Cases were all patients with RPM. Each case was matched with 2 randomized controls with a single PM episode in the year of the first episode of PM in the case and born the same year. Case and control data were compared. Results: Among the 1634 PM episodes in children 18 years of age or younger, 24 (1.5%) children had RPM. RPM cases were significantly less frequent than single PM cases in winter (27% vs. 48%; P=0.03) and showed significantly less concomitant ear, nose and throat infections when considering the first episode (30% vs. 56%, P = 0.04) and all episodes (28% vs. 56%, P < 0.01). Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was frequent in RPM cases versus controls (83% vs. 10%, P < 0.01), including 25% discovered after the third PM episode. Immune deficiency was absent in cases and present in 15% of controls. Cases and controls did not differ in death rate or neurologic outcome. Conclusions: RPM is rare in children. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage must be considered.

Aim To assess quality of life (QoL) in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to compare it with oesophageal atresia (OA). Methods A cross‐sectional study in CDH children (≥7 years) was conducted in Lille University Hospital, France, from January 2013 to April 2014. History, lung function (rest, exercise) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory questionnaires (PedsQoL 4.0) were collected. Data of OA children were previously published. Results Fifty‐four CDH patients (male: 53%, median age: 11 years, IQR 9‐14) were compared to 54 OA patients (male: 61%, median age: 13 years, IQR: 11‐15). CDH children had significantly more frequent history of pneumonia (30% vs 13%), exercise limitation (54% vs 35%) and chest deformity (39% vs 11%); 46% had an obstructive pattern and 66% an abnormal cardiopulmonary exercise test. The median PedsQoL total score in children was 81 (IQR 73‐90) in CDH and 81 (IQR 72‐91) in OA (P = .8). In CDH, duration of neonatal oxygen therapy, hospitalisation for respiratory disease, exercise limitation, inhaled corticosteroids treatment, chest deformity, abnormal cardiopulmonary exercise test and lower forced expiratory volume in one second were significantly associated with lower QoL scores. Conclusion PedsQoL scores remained satisfactory in CDH children with CDH, with no difference compared to OA. Patients with respiratory morbidity and lung function impairment, who displayed lower scores, should be identified in order to optimise their management in reference centres.

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We report the case of a 15-year-old female patient suffering from progressive anorexia, weight loss and recurrent abdominal pain, initially diagnosed as anorexia nervosa. She eventually presented with severe malnutrition and acute bowel obstruction, revealing a mass of the transverse colon. A well-differentiated Lieberkühn adenocarcinoma was established by histology. The patient underwent transverse and right colectomy and was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is predominantly a disease of older adults and is extremely rare in children and adolescents. Seldom suspected, it is more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage, with unfavourable tumour histology and poor outcome. Young patients diagnosed with CRC should receive genetic counselling regardless of their family history or tumour type. This reports' take-home message is that recurrent and persistent digestive symptoms in the young should alert physicians and lead to further investigations.